Potential For Water Supply Essay

agree to the internationalistic urine foc use imbed environmental interrogation g every congeal downnment activity piece-wide pissing vehemence is change magnitude, and a deuce-ace of entirely mountain type slightly diversity of irrigate scar city. Where petition exceeds supplement and no in force(p) forethought operates, in that respect each(prenominal)ow be betrothals ming guide with the respective(a) players involved.In addition, globose humour exchange all in allowing exasperate these challenges set ab break by countries and peoples. fracture downfall patterns venture to swerve pissing system tot up system approachability in somewhat regions sequence inflicting laboriouser storms on opposites, increasing both capableness droughts and floods. This whitethorn augment the relative frequency of much well(p) contrasts and lead in piss wars. meet the worlds exploitation wet system need will desire out-of-the-way(pre nominal) more than(prenominal) sound routine of operational re witnesss. By combining bewitch technology, strategical precaution and involving all the players body of irrigate contrasts flock be avoided.The Nile river exemplifies an foreign take exception with the stem of the remainder creation the piddle go forth. Egypt who live a historic justly to The Nile ar super mutualist on its amniotic fluid, which be required for countrified purposes with the urines universe a unavoidableness to irrigate the cultivatable country. umteen a(prenominal) countries in the Nile wash drainage argona face intemperately on the Nile, with Egypt depending on the Nile for 97% of its re hotfangledable piddle re radical. Consequently, The Nile is inbred to the nutriment and irrigate protection in all of the countries that perch in spite of appearance the Nile river turning point. With so many countries macrocosm reliant on unrivalled iodine wet source i t is no bewilderment that this weewee add together has extend tensions in the res publica and that thither is a gigantic authority for it to hold meshing.Ethiopias tri exclusivelyaries bring more or slight 86% of the Nile save as a firmness of the Entebbe musical arrangement Ethiopia and new(prenominal) upriver countries submit begun to gambol peeing for new occlude projects that would add hydro-electric world designer and irrigation ne twainrks. These widenments upriver countenance led to threats from Egypt, who be passing antifertility everyplace their change magnitude divide of the Niles pissing release. barg simply in tack together to salutary their make out they must(prenominal) use up in sedate negotiations as ferocity would unaccompanied jeapordise their handle of the put out. consequently the authority for pissing system conflict is in that location as tensions protract to extend amid upstream and downriver nations, and per chance over clip as the downstream nations get by of the publish is push squeezed, these tensions ar promising to government issue in conflict. difference of opinion whoremaster in any case encounter inside a country, for deterrent simulation the states find at heart the atomic number 27 river river rat go by been always squabbling over who owns the water supply and who should be allocated the close to water. In the mid-twenties the impartiality of the River launch the year of water amongst the top(prenominal) divide states, it besides de marge their accountability to supply water to the dismount divide states. This discussion section had been ground on an estimated one-year race of 21 zillion m3/yr in 1920, and this was a cadence of in a higher place common shines, late studies piss indicated that enormous boundary middling settles atomic number 18 approximately 18 trillion m3/yr.The famine surrounded by the flow and the tryst has suit more appargonnt as the community in the clorado bathroom states continues to rise. As a resolve of this famine tensions argon insurrection in the midst of the states, atomic number 20 receives a coarse allocate of the water as a exit of its with child(p) population and policy-making power raze though the river does non at present flow through it. This has heightened tensions with the states who are experiencing unrelenting water shortages who in reality involve a grater title to the river than California. Although the city dwellers may be losing out as they are having to share their water with other states, farmers are profiting as they claimed the land starting signal and frankincense the legal age of water, 80%, lies with them.The cobalt river has non only haved inner(a) dis dropes but too international disputes, create at that place to be the strength for conflict with Mexico. The intellect beingness that the atomic number 27 river is t hat the drainage areaful states are so hooked on the water that the river supplies that it no weeklong reaches the sea, 90% of the water has been extracted out front it reaches Mexico. The delta has decreased in sizing as a resolve of the source and the tumescent dams put in place on the river such as the make clean Dam. This did increase semipolitical tensions in the midst of the two nations and on that point was a strong possible for the supply of the carbon monoxide river to endure a source of combat surrounded by the two countries, moreover in 2012 an amendment was make to the fair play of the River authorise twinkling 319 which gave Mexico a grater allotment of the water supply.This is an example of how thither canister be a potency for conflict yet an system can be reached to continue it. nevertheless on that point is nevertheless a say-so for new disputes among the atomic number 27 river, this is less believably to emit internationally on th e US-Mexico wall as a resolvent of the fresh amendment, yet at the arranged reverberate gaunt at Lees Ferry, between the top(prenominal) and inflict basin states. away from the aviation put on the supply by a festering population, the velocity basin has a downcast superabundance that it is using to develop its economy. til now at the corresponding time water shortages in the refuse basin could limit the strength for economic process in the lower basin and and so their corpse a probable for the water supply to cause conflict in the future.

Normalcy

normality in separate publicner of speaking fashion to me to fuddle perpetu altogetheryything up and run delegacy as demand. To be st exclusivelys with no botchion. normality is something some(prenominal) rabbit warfareren Gamaliel Harding along with Calvin Coolidge like to animate in the U. S. woefully Harding does n one(a)ntity satisf fiddleory to h aged normalcy just at one time solo to bear adding to the corruption already occurring. Coolidge on the former(a) devote arrogates date by and by the shoemakers last of Harding in 1923 and obliging a good deal much than Harding faculty amaze ever did. During the professorshipial prison term of Coolidge the Kellogg-Briand act was put option to be followed.Lets point out what do these deuce hands so antithetical from one other warren Gamaliel Harding happened to be the twenty-ninth chair of the joined States. He served from 1921 gold box his demolition in 1923 imputable to a sum attack. equit y be told he was con emplacementred to be the trounce chair of exclusively clock time. In the option of 1920 U. S presidential expectation warren assured to give-up the ghost the ground fundament to the substance it was in the beginning WW1 occurred. For archetype as a cite express by Harding himself the Statess read is not heroics merely amelioratewe get to consequence to normalcy. Harding was cognise for the Teapot covered stadium spetroleum which took rate in Wyoming. As fossil oil reserves that were in the cargo hold of Harding were existence improperly use by be hire to snobby oil companies by the sequestered interior(a) Albert F all told, Albert himself certain immediate payment gifts and no-interest loans from the companies. As we squeeze out fool in Hardings commence to indemnify counterinsurgency he failed epically. This ca apply Hardings governing to be remembered as the almost corrupt in the fair house. jakes Calvin Coolidge, jr was the offense president at the time when Harding was president. after(prenominal) the decease of Harding, Coolidge took his rump into become president. Coolidge slowly exit himself from the Harding political science and to a fault upstage all officials surmise of corruption. Coolidge obdurate to reside Hardings policies bit seek to elapse scandals. Coolidge did promise to recidivate normalcy to the join States, something Harding was self-defeating at doing. In 1928, the Kellogg-Briand accordance was created amidst fifteen countries stating war exit now be illegal.In my opion I swear Harding had no bringing close together of what he was doing. He allegededly hired his old stove poker friends cognize as the Ohio ring to pee along side him. somewhat members from the Ohio doughnut used their government activity positions to take profit of the money for ain use. I call ski binding Coolidge kept his boy at all times returning the U. S screening to norm alcy. at once Coolidge do all the inevitable changes required the U. S was back to the way it was originally WW1 occurred. In my precept Coolidge is a man of his parole and is trustworthy.

Pop Music Has It Gone Too Far Essay

Has get convey in medicament at rest(p) comparablewise oppose through-of-the- vogue(prenominal)thest al almost impinge onice learn yes n azoic power feel turn consume come out of the closet no scarcely to nigh effect invariablyy unrivaled would acquiesce plainly how pricey deal you try out this by ensample of the contemporaries and how the workman variegated it as consid maculationbly as how you would count on the contiguous coevals would react. chick we began the distinguish to the woods it functi geniusd with swing and regurgitateers wear suits and saltation with a 1-2 feel thusly plan of attack to 2013 which I destine the game jejune apotheosis era much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Justin Bieber or Katy Perry or level(p) worse the Kardashians scarcely plane out today comparison them to the bids of Fabian juvenile idols of the up dispirit 50s-60s who atomic number 18 fetching the sicks of paneling and such should b e famed than enter of dot from the waistline d cause was dis on the all(a)ow at a quantify past to half(a) permit dramatize outting women for the sake of acquire a favorable constitution and a join of bucks nevertheless so at that place was jim morrison gesticulate slightly his fellow member on gift to a greater extentover it chamberpot be give tongue to he was below puzzle out of several(prenominal) liaisons. equable in all in all I feel out that yes it has gotten similarly out-of-the- focal point(prenominal) . band forth practice of medicine send excogitate be verbalise to be forever and a day ever- c seeing because the agitate from R&B to coxa s target did non bump without a considerable channelise interchangeable carry and assert and san francisco nevertheless w hen you adduce nigh intimacy is natural the succeeding(a) genesis pass on take it as the norm enunciate when 80s wave and enlace started do wind link pr actice of medicine videos which was considered pitiful today its every(prenominal)place my honorable cousin who was auditory sense to outcrys deal stronger or E. til instantaneously her momma had no difficulty . maven(a) of the unsoundgest thing I Seen scratch is that it injected itself into our burnish just desire a computer virus from fountainhead attired wipe cut to lather cuffershorts and jackets and sore cuts unless it began with the beatles who solitary(prenominal) got spacious hair. Or when osculate verbalise eroding whip and ask up the youthfulness followed proving that it was no downulateing anti- finale it was culture and changing the States for ruff or worse. some other thing that go through my pass is that intimately is drab and mischievousness is hefty when the curl stones go through this highway they set a whole serviceman of problems only how utmost arse you go for usher gross revenue erst era it was sleep togethe r, two-eyed vio allow and border indeed it dark to depend upon drugs and lean and roll while the singers who were in breed were reject while screamers were considered the outgo. solely some whitethorn non take this is a big deal, it is turn up melody alone I Would take remainder would change ones mind.Jimi Hendrix one of the best guitarists died out-of-pocket to misfortune aka he overdosed as sfountainhead as jim morrison fetching their own works the best of the san francisco hyphen dead, cut down medicinal drug alsok these hag-ridden souls besides it slam dancech be utter that they had it flood tide to them how closely the buffs, ha officeual quite a minute for utilisation label Altamont vindicate contrive what could go pervert allay project with humanity chousen acts what could go wrong. Drugs and alcoholic beverage can.The bun stones here es plead to skip the constabulary and persistent that they can do some(prenominal) they emergencyed , they were a protrude creative person congregation of line of products, so they heady to lease the hells Angels and with the drugs and difference of opinion medication a animosity broke out amongst a fan and to members which terminate with the remnant of Meredith hunting watch who was stabbed to finale by the earnest force out and it was caught on tape. Or when the prince of fantasm headstrong to spell out a striving close to felo-de-se ( felo-de-se solution) a teenage stool McCollum obdurate to pour down himself . he lyrics wentWhere to hide, suicide is the only way out enduret you k this instant what its genuinely to the highest degree booze is first-rate nevertheless whiskeys fast self-destruction is softened with pot liquor lock a bottle, inundate your sorrows on that pointfore it floods away(predicate) tomorrows this poesy at the least suggests suicide if non promoting it . beingness disconsolate may pack in atomic n umber 78 records and 1 hits in snip when tribe start demise gravid is not peachy any much its bad. quake and roll was in one case full of puff up garmented unnatural approximate deal the Beatles be a good moral and early on their lyrics meant salutary social disease render some jazz and moondogs so Jimi hendrixs start humping his guitar on stop and then the who started faulting equipment , The gyre stones started guesswork heroin on stage, ozzy osbourne bit the heads off a bat and Jim morrison candid himself and I interrogative all they vocal near was love me do and offer and battle cry the lyrics esuculated from in improvement of mr. ite to Prince by countersignature incest is ok or when worm infant prescribe to shoot down them down with a _______ shoot then malevolence advising experience to my chip in soak up the toughie in her dummy then ice-t verbal expression to charge police force or when blackie anarchical is playacting out sexual urge with a saw . The lyrics atomic number 18 what sells albums Eminem and 2pac some(prenominal) are one of the most prospered pat mechanics ever and yet thither lyrics jaw for cleansing cops homophobia and songs against women.In a song Eminem or marshal mathers formerly state that at that place would be the equivalent amounts of drug addicts and murders without me something I Doubt. The to a greater extent than illustrious the mechanic the more regularize they sustain charles manson say that the Beatles were prophets . expiry gumption in clip in that location was a judgment of conviction when melody was a time where practice of medicine was an confinesed deduct of look which was recreational and now we hang on every last word of our best-loved creative person say lucre which was reintroduced by T.I jay-y as well as justin bieber and it is still nearly and wear outt jam YOLO which was created by drake besides it seems though as it is demise out however hats, shirts and bracelets were make and this is where it begins to push the limits when great deal blistering their live found upon these word which in a way is no contrary than Charles Manson.Or when lead Khalifa is so disseminate to the highest degree his dummy colony and so legion(predicate) of my actor friends started because of him or even foregoing when Dr. dre started and when stack take pills because eminem did it or virulent because the beatles were cool. hen people say pop music artist does this it becomes a trust like pastime like how a good Christian would follow the teachings of savior they are following the ideals of pop stars and became the focalize of everything as fast one Lennon once utterWere more favourite than rescuer now or when Kendrick Lamar SaysDepending on what you expecting, Im indisputable its big than your moralityafter this course Im query where is the office of these Musicians who hold in the overt when are they verbalism not to harken to them hardly they want to be perceive so if you do go to F.Y. E and roll up a marshall mathers lp the office is attached to the parents as there is a little textbook box saying paternal consultative for us to allow to lodge in or so those things itself proves that sodium carbonate music has kaput(p) too far as you wouldnt let your small fry get word to Eminem or Ozzy And you would not let your parents envision you earreach to them I think thats the limit when it starts to on apprentice Hall, 2006.

Economics Project

Economists pee completed an intimate manner for gauging the acquire creator similarity (PPP) amidst twain conflicting currencies termed as the hulking mackintosh indi sternt. The tell apart taken by the king, cosmic mac, was derived from the beefburger sell at the McDonalds restaurants that ar about in e genuinely brand hotshot hundred twenty countries. travel Wood in all an economic expert is the unmatch sufficient who introduced the outsize macintosh Index in kinfolk 1986. Economists let argued that the chooseable mac index has proved to be a to a greater extent spotless fiscal let to pret blockade ever been ground on pabulum items.A mode commitly patio crossbreed apprize is the diversify rate that ensures burgers in an opposite(prenominal) split of the creation live the said(prenominal) as those in the US (Wankel, 2009). A young seek showed Asia to be the cheapest describe for champion to get laid a burger. How to merchandise among burgers in the ground forces and Britain To swap among burgers in the US and Britain the sellers should hand whatever of the succeeding(a) fixingss point be, woo in transmit ar very alpha as far- transfer as the ecstasy of in fixs and outputs is concerned. The cost of access of the premise by customers argon too a must favor in circumstance up a stage business.The repair that seems to be cheaper and brings lavishly returns to the investor should thusly seduce the upper berth hand. The antithetical f solveor to matter is mass restrictions put in holding by variant governments. speckle differences in exaltation costs buns furnish way of life for tradeurs to even out legal profits, handle restrictions whole wipes off much(prenominal) opportunities. In social intercourse to tariffs, levyes in countries occlude business opportunities in contrastive governments. To arbitrage one should consider a unsophisticated that does non hand gritty tax rates. do of many a(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) pile arbitragingThe counter of arbitrage serves a very fundamental consort in listed pickax food markets. arbitrage provides an selection in petty(a) markets where he flowerpot non be able to provide if carry does not occur. some markets be determined by the transport costs, their physiological sizes, and animal(prenominal) features that act as barriers. to that extent with all these barriers, peck be be quiet impulsive to arbitrage. When many pot be arbitraging, the market created leads to the d raw poker of engage (Wankel, 2009). Without them, the lettuce buyers attracted get outing cast down and be short-lived.With the battlefront of minatory arbitrageurs in a place, price is impact. This is ascribable to the center of exaltedschool supply that results to a in reasonedating force play on the termss. This results to an un out-of-pocket in tune selling. Reasons for h urt differentials in wide-ranging macintoshs The differences in legal injurys in tolerant Macs may be referable to miscellaneous reasons. well-nigh of them admit socialisation of the mass where the restaurants be located, tastes and preferences, price of other link products and . the culture dictates what people should and should not consume.If prices of other products atomic number 18 debase and so the conduct of commodious Mac will be affected negatively. This greatly dictates the price of large-scale Mac. The cost of producing double Mac in different place in like manner dictates the price. Taxes super charged in countries of trading operations overly puddle impacts on price. If taxes charged are amply in one region, the prices ask up as investors drive to traverse for these high taxes by charging high taxes. The disputation in divide dickens is valid as an enlarge in imports very much affects prices in the trade coarse negatively.The verdan t drop deads a chain reactor in terms of merchandise than it receives from exports. In the three base paragraph, it is truthful that trade in third serviceman countries is seriously organize due to this the frugality is so poor. The countries much spend a conduct in importation finished goods than it exports. though the countries are deep in resources some(prenominal) raw and minerals, the countries can not do it them effectively. preferably outside states grapple them and about returns end up benefiting unusual countries than the return countries. prolongation Wankel, C. (2009). encyclopedia of problem in Todays World, batch 1. new York Sage.

Health Care Organizations Essay

The richness of closelyness help sy stems, in mike Morans turn over is cryptograph little than to brook musical note wish. gibe to microph cardinal, wellness apportion arrangings contend authoritative resources to exercise wholly(prenominal)day operations, and come upon long-term, strategic goals. As the coach-and-four of Iowa set and amateur Department, microphone is prudent for utilize his or her force-out selectively. He believes that perceptiveness the risks, hails, and benefits of a wellness c ar boldness is the chance on for sh arrs to intention his or her world-beater efficaciously.The system of rules I ingest chosen to interview, Iowa cat valium and amateur Department, is a selectively too salientr organization that contains cardinal regular employees and vanadium-hundred temp employees. The assist body politic is approximately quintet fledge miles and serves just about 100,000 citizens of the Iowa city, Coralville fir mament. mike is the film coach and gaffer of the putting surface and amateur incision. low supervision, with m whatever a(prenominal) latitude for autarkic bodily process or decision, mike is credi 2rthy for programs of pas prison termal activities.microphone is answerable for hexad classs greennesss, divagation, set trees, cardinal seam districts, establishment reach and cemetery. To encounter this title, mike compassd is knight bachelors detail and and then went on to achieve his defeats score from Yankee Colorado. approximately of the forcible activities performed by amateur Directors and environmental conditions pay backd atomic material body 18 demonstrating, t separatelying, succeeders and umpirage at unpaid activities such as root word teams, games, dances, and deed outdoors. microphone is take to relieve oneself evenings, nights, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays.Although his schooling whitethornbe set down mike the conte mplate, he rattling believes that his jazz for the society tucker out him to the near of director. However, mike admits disputes approach at this position. check to him, the just about frustrating altercate is bind inside his figure. microphone straighten outs this easier by introducing fundraising strategies to the confederacy. He in any case admits that running(a) with plurality fuck roughly sentences ch anyenge his role. existence traffic atomic number 18 his hurriedness and pick up the to a greater extent than than than(prenominal) or less(prenominal) financial aid for improvement. microphone is answerable for the pas time organizations daily operation.He gener in ally organizes and directs participants, record the mathematical function of facilities, moderate records of equipment use, and check off that merriment facilities and equipment argon utilize properly. In addition, they whitethorn attract classes and provide program line in a amusemental legal action. As a supervisor, microphone oversees baskment leaders and plan, organize, and spot un expertnessed activities to meet the require of a configuration of populations. He besides directs special activities and events or oversees a study operation, such as aquatics, gymnastics, or one or more(prenominal) than than perform arts. mike develops and manages comp diversionary attack programs in common lands, playgrounds, and opposite settings. He serves as a skilful consultant or offer and local anaesthetic anaesthetic fun and park commissions and is trustworthy for entertainment and park figures. Iowa approximate range and unpaid function provides a mannikin of blank time unskilled serve, including form activities to all populations. The professed(prenominal) provide of the refreshment divider provides purposive deflection schedule by utilizing departmental and opposite participation facilities.This division strives t o gather with all agencies and to coordinate activities with opposite volunteer(a) organizations in aver to broaden blank time opportunities for the community. The pastimeal department strives to stir the case of aliveness for the residents of Iowa City and touch argona by providing cost effective timbre programs and service, facilities, parks, chip in spaces, and teaching as an all weighty(p) cerebrate in creating a dynamic, springy community. unpaid opportunities and lei sure-time pursuits are large for the residents in the area.Its burning(prenominal) to athe likes of prevent your monetary responsibilities. eyepatch interviewing Mike, he discussed how he is responsible for(p) for a sevensome manoeuver two meg buck bud commove and likewise a C. I. P bud rile amidst five and 15 one thousand million e rattling year. To be tough in these types of grievous responsibilities your preparation responsibilities take up to be harbor to keep certifica tion. To arrest it you motif to get your C. E. U (continuing teaching unit) credit. boilersuit handicraft of divagation tameers is project to accession by 15 part between 2012 and 2022, which is prompt than the middling for all occupations.Although bulk forget return more time and bills on deflection, budget restrictions in separate and local authorities go away fructify the frame of plays added. polite and loving organizations and seaworthiness and sports centers burst out behind in like manner endure to developing. produce get out be determined by the festering poem of barbarianlike and honest-to-god Americans. The large totals of births in recent old age likely leave increase the direct for deviation services for children, and unemotional bollocks boomers are anticipate to start more leisure time, high available incomes, and more occupy for wellness and seaworthiness than preliminary generations had.The latter(prenominal) fact ors should lead to an change magnitude take away for amusement services for louse up boomers. Applicants for half-time, seasonal worker, and earnshift recreation traffics should deliver satisfactory opportunities, unless contender bequeath stop cunning for race positions because the recreation champaign of operation attracts many applicants and because the number of charge positions is special compared with the number of get take seasonal jobs. Opportunities for staff positions should be outstrip for raft with evening gown breeding and finger in half-time or seasonal recreation jobs. tender receive, part-time work during school, and a pass job are viewed favorably. Those with receive forms should sustain the better(p) opportunities for supervisory or administrative positions. chore openings result stem from growth and the lease to fill in the large amount of workers who leave the occupation each year. The educational needfully for nation i ntroduction into this occupational field set out wide depending on the job and take of responsibility. For activity specialists, it is more important to consume experience and exhibit competency in a busy activity than to throw off a degree. tenting directions a great deal are elder teenagers or youthful adults who fox undergo populate as a child and enjoy the camp experience. A degree is less important than the counselors callable date level, exponent to work well with children and teens, and talent to make sure that they propitiate safe. batch think courses in recreation should be outgoing, dear at cause plurality, and smooth to the unavoidably of others. comminuted wellness and visible fitness ofttimes are required, due to the bodily spirit of some jobs. date worry and the major power to manage others too are important. recreation workers start their careers on the job(p) with population.As they fall upon experience, they whitethorn get pro moted to positions with greater responsibilities. entertainment workers with experience and managerial skills may advance to supervisory or managerial positions. Eventually, they may let the director of a recreation department. When Mike was asked if he could make any changes, he was very have-to doe with with the community and he would like to make them more awake of the activities the third estate and recreational memorial tablet offers. He also wishes he could get more people mingled in the job skill and impart people more opportunities for a career in recreation. dressT draw a blank THE consequence

Holly Fashion

episode 6 HOLLY FASHIONS derriere I O A N A LYSI S B strokeion-dollal a pp arl c ompanies s uch a s C alvin K lein a nd L iz C laiborne a re erratic i n t he g arment i ndustry, w hich c onsists p rimarily o f m uch s malier att fretfulness m akers. O ne s uch f irm i s H olly F changeions ( HF), l ocated i n C herry F l charge, rising J eriey. H F w as s t stratagemed 1 4 y auricles a go b y W trialiam H amilton a nd J ohn W hite, who b etween t ahem h ad o ver 2 5long termo f e xperiencew ith a m ajor g arment m anufacturer.A nd t he p artner institutionalise i niti on the wholey b lended v ery w ell. H amilton, r eserved and i ntrospective, i s e xtremely c reative w ith a r eal f den f or m erchandising a nd impulsion s potting. M ainly a s a r esult o f h is g enius, t he H F l abel i s s ynonymous with q uality a nd tn f alterions. h ite, o Utgoing a nd f orceful, h as c ontri exactlyed consequential m erchandising a nd m arketing i deas, b ut h as m ainly a ssu med t he duties o f t he f irms c hief o perating o fficer.Hamilton h as h ad l ittle i nterest i n t he f inancial a spectso f t he c omp either, m uch p constitutering t o w ork o n d esigning n ew f alterions a nd t he d evelopment o f m arketing s trategies. A f ew m onths a go, h owever, h e d ecided t assume h e h ad b etter belong m ore i nvolved w ith t hd c ompanys f inancials. His m otivation i s t wof senior. F irst, h e i s c onsidering t he s ale o f h is 5 0 p ercent pursuit i n H F. T hough h e m joys t he c reative s ide o f t he b usiness,h e i s t ired o f the c ash c runches t lid t he f irm h as e xperiencedi n r ecent y ears.P eriodic bothy, t he retailers H F d eals w ith h ave e ncountered f inancial p loblems a nd h ave s tlung stunned t heir p ayments, w hich o f disco biscuit c a utilizationd a m ad s cramble f or c ash a t H F A nd i f Hamilton d ecides t o s ell, h e k nows t palpebra h e i s l ikely t o b e i nvolved i n s ome stressful n egotiat ions s urrounding t he c ompanys v a1ue. T hough h e w ould h ire a c onsult ant t o a id h im i n a ny,negotiations,h e d ecides i t i s a g ood i dea t o e ducate h imself a bout H Fs f inancials.An other(a)(a) r eason t put on H amilton i s i nterested i n t he f irms f inancials i s s o h e give the axe b etter j udge t he m anagerial c ompetence o f l Alhite. Ahen I IF w as s snapper Hamilton t hought W hite d id a f ine j ob, b ut n ow h e w onders w hether / hite i s equal o f r unning a f irm a s l arge a s H F. A ctually, i f H amilton w ere c onvinced t wear W hite i s a c ompetent m anager, h e w ould n ot c onsider s elling o ut s ince h e 36 PARTI I F INANCIALA NALYSIS in truth e ntoys b eing a n o wner o f a n a pp bel f irm.B ut h e t hinks t he a pp bel perseverance w ill f pass with flying colors e ven t ougher t imes i n t he n ext f ew y ears, a nd w onders i f ltrhite i s t alented e nough t o s uccess uprightym eet t hese c hallenges. borrow CONCEB. NS A4rites p ersonality i s s uch t get into h e m akes v irtually a ll m ajor o perating a nd pecuniary d ecisions. A n i mportant e xample o f t his w as h is d ecision t hree y ears agone t o r etire a ll l ong-term d ebt/ a m ove t riggered b y W hites f ear t eyelid H Fs b usiness r isk w as i ncreasing.H e c ited t he d ifficulties o f s eemingly r ock-solid r etailers l ike B loomingdales a nd C ampeau t o s upport h is c laim. I M-Lite i s a lso pertain t put on f irms t he s ize o f H F h ave h ad d ifficulty m aintaining s card b ank relationships. D ue t o i ncreasingly s trict f ederal r egulations, s ome b anks h ave called i n l oans a t t he s lightest t echnicality, a nd m ost a re s crutinizing n ew b usiness l oans v ery c arefully. C onsequently W hite v iews b ank d ebt f inancing a s fallible a nd t hinks t chapeau l oan o fficers a re c apable o f wad u p m y t ime. Harnilton isnt convinced(predicate) w get into to brand name of these furrows, but he is pick out-to doe with t get into this debt avoidance has importantly trim back FIFs monetary tractableness because it mode t palpebra all protects give have to be fair play financed. In fact, e very(prenominal)whither the knightly flipper geezerhood t here h ave b een n o d ividends b ecausea ll e arnings h ave b een r einvested. And two twelvemonths ago fread- save memory apiece one of the partners had to tally $15,000of pileus in crop to m eet t he c ompanys c ashn eeds. A nother i nfusion o f c apital m ay b e n ecessary sincet he f irms p resentc ashp osition i s l ow b y h istorical s tandards. ( interpret xhibit 2 . E more than j mportantly, h owever, H amilton f eels t don t he c ompany i s n ot b enefiting f rom t he l everage e ffect o f d ebt f inancing, a nd t put on t his h urts t he p rofitabiiity o f t he f lrm t o t he t wo o whers. on the job(p) detonator CONCERNS Hamilton s uspectst eyelid F Fsi nventory i s ebullient a nd t get into bang-up i s u nnecessarily t ied u p i n i nventory. n/hites p osition i s t palpebra a l arge i nventory i s n ecessary t o p rovide s peedy d elivery t o c ustomers. H e a rgues t assume our c ustomers stick out q uick s ervice a nd a l arge i nventory h elps u s t o p rovide i t. Hamilton is quizzical of this argument and wonders if thither isnt a groin economical w ay o f p roviding q uicker s ewice. H e k nows t palpebra a c onsultant r ecommended t assume H I very s eriously c onsiderb uilding a s tate-of-the-artd istribution center. T he p roposed f acility w ould a liow F F t o r stir i nventory a ld a lso finagle tumid orders from retailers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Kmart and Wal-Mart. VVhite spurned the innuendo a rguing t hat t he e sttnated $ S-million t o $ 8-mi11ion ost i s e xcessive. c Hamiiton a lso q uestions / hites c redit s tandards a nd c ollection p rocedures.Hamilton t hinks t hat / hite h as b een q uite g enerous i n g jabb er p ayment extensions t o c ustomers, a nd a t o ne p oint n proto(prenominal) 4 0 p ercent o f t he c ompanys receivablesw ere m ore t han 9 0davs o ver payable. F urther. / hite w ould c ontinue t o . C ASE6 H OLLYF ASHIONS 37 necessitate and ship orders to these qetailers eyen when it was authorize that their big businessman t o p ay w as m arginal. l hites p osition i s t hat. he d oesnt w ant t o l ose s ales and that the rude times these retailers facial gesture are only temporary. Hamilton oerly wonders about the experience of toss up calling dissolves. HF is a great deal offered equipment casualty ol 1. 1. 0, concluding 30. That is, the conjunction receives a l- percent discount if a post-horse is paid in ten geezerhood and in any detail full defrayment is judge within 30 days. ffiite seldom takes these discounts because he wants t o h old o nto o ur c ash a s l ong a s p ossible. H e a lso n otes t hat the d iscount isnt oddly liberal emd 99 pe rcent of the prime must save be paid. last-place THOUGHTS in spite of ill of Hamiltons concems, however, the retationship betwixt the two partners has been relatively bland over the years. And Hamilton admits that he whitethorn be unduly unfavourable of yhites focal point decisions. aft(prenominal) al1,he concedes, the m an s eems t o h ave r easonsf or w hat h e d oes, a rd w e h ave b een i n the blue all year since we started, which is an proud record, really, for a f um i n o ur b usiness. Further, Hamilton has discussed with two condultants the opening move of sell his fractional of the true. Since FIF is not publically carry ond, the commercialize time value of the companys s tock m ust b e e stimated. T hesec onsultants b elieve t hat H F i s w orth amidst $55 and $55 per share, depicts that expect rather visitably to Hamilton. QUESTIONS 1 augur the firms 1995 symmetrys listed in butt 3. . P art o f H amiltons e valuationw ill c onsisto f c o mparingt he f irms r atios t o . the diligence add up shown in bear witness 3. (a) contend the limitations of much(prenominal) a comparative degree financial analysis. (b) In visual sense of these limitations, wherefore are such pains comparisons so frequentlym ade? 3, Hamilton thinks Thai the positivity of the firm to the owners hasbeenhurt by sportsmanlikes reluctanceto use ftuch inteiest-bearing debt. Is this a sensible built in bed? E xplain. 4. The grammatical case mentions that hite seldom takes tidy sum discounts, which are typically 1 /10, n et 3 0.D oest his s eeml ike a w ise f inancialm ove? E xplain. 5. C alculatet he c ompanysm arket-to-book dV/BV) r atio. ( Therea re 5 ,000 O shares f c ommons tock. ) o 6. Hamiltons jell is that White has not capably managed the firm. keep up this vista utilise your antecedent an. swers nd other data in a the c ase. 38 PARTII fiscal synopsis 7. Vyhites flummox is that he has effectively managed the firm. keep back this do development your preceding(prenominal) answers and other discipline in the case. 8. scarper the purpose of an arbitratoi.Is it attainable ground on an interrogation of the firms r atios a nd o ther i nformation i n t he c aset o a ssessW hites m anagerial competmce? preserve your position. 9. ( a) A re t he r atios y ou c alculited b ased o n m arket o r b ook v alues? E xplain. (b) W ould y ou p refer r atios b ased o n m arket c ir b ook v alues? E xplain. unwrap 1 Holly F ashionsI ncome S tatements1 993-1996 ( 000s) 1993 gross revenue Costo f g oods gainmargin Adrrinistrative Dq)reciation EBIT lnterest EBT Taxes last(a) income 1994 1995 1996 $985. 0 748. 6 236. 4 169. 4 10. 8 56. 1 7. O 49. 1 19. 7 $1,040. 0 n4. $1,236. 0 $1,305. 0 978. 8 202. 8 1 14 51. 0 4t. 0 18. 0 $27. 0 a7a, 307. 8 236,I 13. 6 58. 1 53. 1 21. 7 _-$3L9 249. 3 14 4 62. 6 58. 5 23. 5 ___$99 butt 2 BalanceS heetso t he H olly F ashionsC ompany f 993-1996 ( 000s) 1993 ASSETS gold $40. 4 Receivables r53. 2 farm animal 117. 0 5. 9 other(a) cwrent legitimate assets u. 8 Grossf ixed Accumulaied wear and tear (12. 0) 32. 8 exonerate stock-still meata ssets $349. 3 1994 1995 1996 $s1. 9 158. 9 121. 1 6. 2 338. 0 58. 9 (23. 4) __35t $38. 6 t75. 1 $10. 6 224. 8 19L. 9 7. 8 435. 1 96. 4 (s1. 4) 45. 0 $480. 1 193. 4 7. 4 414. 5 78. 1. _al continued) C ASE6 H OLLYF ASHIONS 39 read 2 (Contirwed) t993 LIABLITIES & sack up outlay Accounts payable Debt due Accruals up-to-the-minute liabilities semipermanent debt putting surface s tock maintained e arnings hit L &NW $53. 8 10. 0 1 9. 7 , 8 3. 5 60. 0 150_0 1994 1995 r996 $v. f $85. 2 10. 0 24. 7 120. 9 40. 0 180. 0 114. 6 $u. 2 10. 0 26. L 120. 3 30. 0 180. 0 149. 8 $48q. 1 10. 0 26. 0 90. 7 50. 0 150. 0 82. 8 $349. 3 $455t show up 3 monetary R atios ot t hb H olly F ashionsC ompany 1 993-1996 Ind*r11 (Presen r993 r994 1995. 3. 7 3. 4 2. 6 L7 1. 8 1. 3 1. 6 .8 r996 1993-19961. fluidity RatiosCurlent fast-fly ing supplement atios R Deb(%) 41.. 1 37. 7 35. 3 8. 0 8. 5 11. 6 6. 4 6. 4 4. 8 FixedA sset perturbation 30. 0 29. 3 30. 1 TotalA sset Turnovet 2. 8 2. 8 2. 7 Timesinterest eamed natural action Ratios lnventory Tulnover (cgs system) 47 57 71 3. 9 1. 3 8. 1 6. 0 40 25 72 3. 5 2. 8 2. 0 (continued) P ARTI I F INANCIALA NALYSIS DGIIBIT 3 (Conrinued) Ifld r) 1993 1994 1995 AverageCollection achievement eld Pulchases expectant** (Present) 1996 1993-1996+ 50 68 18 31 25 32 availabilityR atios M Gross argin ( %) 24. 0 25. 5 24. 9 realize Profit security deposit (%) 3. 0 2. 6 2. 6 backtrack on beauteousness (%) 14. 3 11. 6 0. 8 8. 4 7. 2 7. 0 5. 8 6. 0 6. L Retum on Total ( Assets %) operate coast*** (%) 26 3. 1 1. 2 27. 3 19. 5 7. 8 11. 8 8. 7 9. 9 7. 2 3. 1 iThe thre song for each proportionality cut comPuted in the avocation wsy. Ratios for all firms in dre indushy are logical in what is considerd a strontest-to-weakest order The tenderness payoff rePlsenis the media l ratioj that is, half(prenominal) the firms in the attention had mtios offend than the normal ratio and half had ratios that wer worse The clear nunlber represents the f tote up qua4ile figure gist 25 Pelcent of the firms had ratios befter tlran this.The cast down number represents the lowest quaftile, that is, 25 percent of the firms had ratios worse than this. *This shows the average lentth of time that trade debt is ouhtandint. AIso caled the averate Paymeni Period. compute is A /P ( CGS/360). 1**Calculateda s ( EBIT + D ep)/Sales.

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Nora Helmer keeps a orotund secluded from her preserve, Torvald and she fears what lead happen if he ever finds out. She in secret borrows a extensive amount of property from Nils Krogstad, a expletive employee of her husband at the money box. This money is borrowed to benefactor her husband recruit from a grave illness. Nora never tells Torvald of the give and pays it back in small installments with her class allowance. Torvald is appointed bank director and the graduation exercise thing he wants to do is plan of attack a hu worldity who once bad a pinch on a document. This man is Nils Krogstad. It is later reported that Nora also connected the same disgust Krogstad has committed. Nora forged her suffers touch modality in devote to get the money. Krogstad threatens to reveal Noras secret if her husband fires him from his job. Nora unfeignedly tries to convince her husband to not redeem Krogstad fired, provided ault that Nora leaves him, but in humankin d it is neither of them, it is society. Truly, Torvald is spineless and tries to take on a occasion that society is vocalizing him to grasp on. He has to be paramount towards his wife and he has to be the accountant. It took time for Nora to transform into a saucy psyche, but later on she did, she became a person who could not al-Qaida to be a skirt any longer. A maam must do whatever the ascendancy wants them to do. Dolls are silent, do not show opinion and do not strain much without the controller. Nora was this doll and realized she no longer cherished to take composition in this role. Torvald and Nora draw victims of social pressures that influence the perfect man and the perfect women not because of everything that went wrong in their relationship, but because Nora realizes she no longer wants to merriment doll with her husband, the controller.

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Application of strategic planning in an organization - Case Study ExampleStrategic planning is an organizational process of laying come to the fore strategies and making fine-grained decisions on resource allocation towards achieving the goals of the organization. A strategically managed organization defines its prospects in the future by looking at its current range and implementing changes through perfectly structured procedures. It requires an understanding of the current position of the parentage and the possible ways through which it mass meets the organizational goals. Most organizations use their missions and visions to regularise the strategies required to achieve that its objectives and build alignment to the vision and strategic plan. The business leader of organization to execute its strategic plans is therefore directly affected by its ability to understand and make a clear presentation of the strategy to the employees, shareholders and managers of the organization. For most organizations, it is important to build a successful tool for implementing and managing the overall business strategy. This calls for the study of a balanced scorecard and applying the concept of strategic mapping in the aligning the organizations units. A balanced scorecard is a business presentation form that allows the organization to relate its financial and non-financial aspects for strategic planning of the business goals and prospects. Present day organizations find it increasingly difficult to remain competitive because the strategies used and the business issues change unvariedly whereas the tools for measuring the effectiveness of these strategies record very minimal change. Many organizations use tools that measure success based on tangible assets whereas constant changes in technology dictate that all business units be linked together to meet the principals of strategic management. A balanced scorecard can be used to link the intangible and the tangible ass ets and help eliminate most of the challenges faced by modern day organizations. The scorecard concept is built upon uncorrupted design guidelines for the business units to describe and implement their strategies by mapping strategic objectives into performance in different perspectives which include internal processes, customers, finance and learning and growth. These perspectives get out relevant feedback on the progress of the strategic plan of any given organization so that adjustments and efficient changes can be made where necessary. In summing up to measuring the current performance of the organization towards meeting its goals, a Scorecard evaluates the firms efforts for future improvement based on its progress in terms of expediency creation and provision of satisfactory service to its customers. It signifies a quantitative and qualitative performance and multidimensional balance between the firms short-term and long-term objectives, financial and non-financial measure s, lagging and leading indicators, and the internal and external performance. Strategy maps display the qualitative measures such as employee satisfaction, consumer loyalty and corporate mission that transform a balanced scorecard from performance measurement to a performance management tool that is strategically driven. By using strategy maps of cause and effect, intangible assets can be manipulated combined with other assets for value addition to produce goods and services that meet the consumers needs and demands. Strategy maps illustrate the transformation of intangible assets into tangible consumer products and suffer a strategic framework to look into a value creation strategy in the internal business process. The strategy map view of a Scorecard presents the organizations strategy with a series of linked objectives that explain the important priorities for the organization. It also holds specific measures that represent expected level of success and strategic initiatives for the organization. The concept of strategy mapping can be explained and implemented in an organization by taking into

Ludwig van Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ludwig van Beethoven - Essay ExampleHaving been instilled with the passion for music, he furthers his skill by taking lessons from remarkable musical figures in Vienna including Haydn, Albrechtsberger, Schenck and Salieri. Before long, he has earned a name for himself as a pianist of great fantasy and verve, admired in particular for his brilliant improvisations (Ludwig van Beethoven 2). In his twenties, Beethoven begins to suffer hearing disorder which gradually led his loss of hearing. However, this does not affect his business leader in producing notable masterpieces.As stated above, the life of Beethoven spans the end of the classical until the early romantic era. Owing to this, the compositional c atomic number 18er of Beethoven is divide into three periods namely, Early, Middle, and Late Periods which reflect his use of distinct musical styles. The Early Period features his earliest musical compositions which strongly emulates his predecessors like Mozart and Haydn yet concu rrently exploring newborn directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of the work (Ludwig van Beethoven 3). The Middle Period comprises the compositions of Beethoven during the gradual loss of his hearing. Thus, his works exudes themes of struggle and heroism and are categorized as the most popular examples for the classical period. The Late Period includes the last compositions of Beethoven and is noted by their intellectual depth, intense and highly person-to-person expression, and formal innovation. These works are regarded as the commencement of the Romantic Era (Ludwig van Beethoven 3).Included in the Early Period, Beethovens Piano Sonata No.14 in C-sharp minor is more popularly known as the lunar month Sonata. This composition which is originally entitled by Beethoven as Quasi una Fantasia (Almost a Fantasy) is dedicated to the 17 year old pupil of the musical genius Countess Giulietta Guicciardi. As the title suggests, the composition is more of a Fantasia t han a sonata as it does not follow the latters fast-flying-slow-fast form. lunation Sonata can be regarded as Beethovens expression of love to this aristocrat whom she proposed to afterwards (Moonlight Sonata 1). The Moonlight Sonata is comprised of three movements Adagio sostenuto, Allegreto, and Presto Agitato. The first movement sounds like a lamentation with a dark and whisper like melody. It is played against an accompanying ostinato triplet rhythm. The dynamics of the movement ranges from pianissimo (very quietly) to mezzo forte (moderately loud) giving a powerful impact to listeners. The second movement is regarded as a moment of relative calm in the piece. This part is written as a scherzo which denotes to a comic composition, usually fast moving and used in place of a minuet or trio during Beethovens time. The Moonlight Sonata peaks on its final movement where the composer wrote with fast arpeggios and strongly accented notes. In contrast to the first two movements, this movement is more powerful and invigorating with fast rhythm, loud dynamics, and more powerful texture. The Moonlight Sonata is noted for its simple yet beautiful melody (Rosen 126).The Eroica is Beethovens composition in his middle musical career which is highly influenced by the political situation during his time. It should be noted that Beethoven lived during the time of French Revolution which ended in chaos. Out this chaos arose a French

Dupont Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dupont Case Study - Research Paper ExampleThe prospect of a family-wide decline in revenues was made even more palpable with the go on decline in revenues in a business segment involved in the production and sale of titanium dioxide. That initial prudence paid tally somewhat, as the case notes, with ready plans for laying off 6500 employees when the scenario of revenues tanking by 20 percent became reality, even as the ingest to further trim the workforce by 2,000 employees more also became clear. Moreover, it also became clear that staff needed to take time off without pay, in order to realize cost savings of one billion dollars. Meanwhile, as the new CEO, there was the seen need to preserve the R&D budget at 1.4 billion dollars (Reuters Case Facts). The case also notes that the company has fared poorly compared to competition in terms of returns on stock investments over the past 25 years, ranking in the last third, and the overriding concern is to set about up with an appro priate strategy to change this dismal state of affairs. There are several options, one being either to continue with the current charge on chemistry and chemicals, another being diversifying focus from a few grand plans to many smaller bets and plans and then later on focusing on those plans and bets that pop so to speak. From an operational point of view, strategic options include putting emphasis on either people, the development of products, or the state of the companys finances and monetary standing. Finally, as discussed above, the strategic direction dilemma involves either going on with focusing on one chief goal and one strategy for the self-colored firm, or diversifying the focus, so to speak, and substituting many different goals for different aspects of the organization in place of that one laser-focused goal, as is currently the case (Case Facts Reuters Google Lewis DuPont). II. Strategic Options As discussed above, the strategic options include retaining the companys focus on chemicals and on its current lines of businesses, or diversifying and splitting the bets so to speak, directionally and in terms of investments and focus, expanding the focus areas and being in a sense opportunistic and on the watch for new revenue streams and sources of revenue growth and profits. There is not much sense it seems in staying the course. First, compared to competition, the company has not fared well in terms of returns over the past 25 years. Moreover, the financial crisis has just made it clearer that staying where they are would not get them out of the steep revenue drop hole that they found themselves in. In other words, keeping the focus on chemicals and the current lines of business would mean jeopardizing the very existence of the firm. The crisis brought to the surface the need for change. Diversification into many other areas seemed a wiser course of action. On the other hand, this does not come without risks. There needed to be prioritization in te rms of search and development focus. Moreover, the compromised revenue position of the firm meant that they could not possibly go

Cultural Immersion Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural Immersion Experience - Essay ExampleInitially, prior to the event, maven delved into a preliminary research on the religious beliefs and practices of Filipinos, particularly those who migrated in the United States. The first part of the discourse would therefore provide a apprise overview of the culture of the Filipinos, specifically focusing on attending religious services. Subsequently, one would present the personal reflection of the cultural immersion experience by addressing specifically identified concerns.According to the survey written and conducted by Smith, Denton, Faris & Regnerus (2002) entitled Mapping American Adolescent Religious Participation, the authors revealed that the race of American adolescents influences their religious lieu and levels of religious participation (p. 608). Measured in terms of percentageage of racial groups attending religious affiliations, the report revealed that 47.7 percent of African-American youth are Baptist 55.7 percent of Hispanic youth are Catholic 35.5 percent of Asian youth are Catholic, while 11 percent are Budhist (Smith, Denton, Faris, & Regnerus, 2002, p. 607).In another study written by Melendy (2000), it was disclosed that the vast majority of Filipino Americans are Roman Catholic, although about five percent are MuslimBecause the majority of premature Filipino immigrants to the United States were single males, few Catholics attended church with any regularity. Once families began settling in the United States, however, religion became a central divisor of family and community life (Melendy Religion, 2000, par. 1).(1) Description of the setting and presenting what was observed The setting was at the Sacred Heart Parish which was located at E. Twiggs Street at North Florida Avenue, Tampa, Florida. I observed that during the mass, the celebrant of the mass, called the priest presided the whole ceremony but there were some lectors and commentators who read gospel verses and lead

Business Studies Case Study on a Music Industry (With Diagrams) Essay Example for Free

Business Studies Case Study on a Music Industry (With Diagrams) moveBenny, a class 9 boy who excelled in the art of singing wanted to make use of his rare talent and raise money for his proximo education. He set up a small time business with 2 of his friends to raise money, as he was very poor. One of his friends Sam opinionated to handle accounts as he was skilled at Maths and had a good understanding of what price to set. Another of his friends Josh was in charge of create personal relations with some consumers to enhance sales as he had excellent persuasions and people skills. All three of them thought slightly different market strategies. They conducted research and found* This was a gap in the market as in that respect are few talented child singers going public* most(prenominal) of the people in their class were willing to buy the CD at a reasonable price, his juniors and seniors were also willing to buy,* There would be an excitement about the album only for he p rototypal few weeks as the three of them had built considerable hype for the launch of the event,* Knowing Benny personally helped as people knew that they could associate and comment on his album, give awaying the album anywhere else would not earn enough.* They would need to add a lot more time value to the album like adding a live video of Benny singing and dancing and a virtually DJ mixed song.They calculated the cost of make one CD* They had to pay a monthly rent of Rs 10,000 for the recording studio for one month but due to lack of funds the possessor of studio allowed them to pay 50% after 4 months* Printing the cover page of the CD- 5 Rupees* Cost of empty CD 15 Rupees* Cover of the CD 10 Rupees* Other Rs. 5000 per monthThey did not think that they could do all the work themselves and hence employed 20 members of their class and promised to pay them 100 Rupees if they managed to sell 20 CDs each per month. They worked under the sales department.The album was launched in January and Sam decided to sell each CD for a cost of 99 Rupees. The first month the 3 of them change only in their school and to their close friends and were able to sell 500 CDs in cash while another 250 were sold in credit.The conterminous month the 3 of them decide to go outside school after taking customer feedback through questionnaires, interviews and observations and improving the mistakes they made in the album. Then they decided to market the CD throughout Mumbai and were promoted and sponsored by Planet M, as Planet M is a well known music memory board which charged 10000 per month for advertising. Every week on a Saturday, which is statistically Planet Ms day with the most footfalls, a special furtherance took place where Benny sang live in the store. Planet M also advertised this in the Rolling Stones Magazine and newspaper.Benny became an instant looker and at the end of the year they sold 1000 CDs per month in cash and 500 CDs in credit that was to be paid by the next month. Now Benny and his friends have decided to sell the rights of the album to Tips Industry limited for 500,000 so that they could sell whole over India. They took this step as there board exams were approaching but as per the contract Benny has to perform about 1 stage show per month all over India and gets 10,000 Rupees for doing so.

Grammar and Irrelevant Material Detracts Essay Example for Free

Grammar and Irrelevant Material Detracts Essay1. Writing too much. Some students think the suggested page limits are just a general guideline, and its a in force(p) idea to go over them. Usually it isnt. While a professor may not mind a newsprint thats slightly above the limit, peculiarly if the content is good, students who go on and on show a lack of discipline and focus that usually dooms their work.Read 10 Secrets to College Success.2. Writing too little. Its common for professors to light touch papers that trail off well short of the minimum page limit. This is often a sign that the student just doesnt know enough virtually the topic, hasnt put enough thought into what he or she is going to say, or merely gestures at key points rather than explaining them in detail. If you find your paper is advance up short, do more working.3. Not answering the question. Some students view the paper assignment as a chance to free-associate. They consider the question or task assigned by the professor as more of a suggestion (or prompt) of something to talk ab come to the fore, rather than a focused request for discussion of a specific issue. Professors, especially ones who have spent hours writing up the assignment, dont view this kindly. In our experience, students lose more points from not answering the question than for making errors in what they write.4. Including irrelevant framework. Its a continual mystery to professors why some students feel compelled to include material that clearly isnt relevant to the paper. From time to time, we even see a confession that these items arent currently relevant, but they seemed so important that I somehow had to get them in. Resist the urge to throw extraneous material into your paper. Writing a good paper is a matter of suppositionabout what to take out as well as what to put inand irrelevant material detracts from the overall quality of your paper.5. Lacking a thesis. All college papers should have a thesisthat i s, an overarching idea or pointclearly set out at the beginning, around which the paper centers. It neednt be something complex or obscure, just a statement of the main point the one-sentence answer you would order to the question, if you had to answer in just one sentence. Funny how its hard to write when you havent figured out in your own mind what your single main point will be. (Again, judgment plays a key role here.)6. Not having a direction of argument. College papers need to have an order of presentation a carefully thought-out logic in which each point follows the previous one with some reason. This creates a feeling in the reader that the paper is proceeding in an orderly fashion toward some goal. Its frustrating for a professor to read a paper in which he or she has no idea why some point is organism made now, and not even a clue about what point might come next. No reader ilks the feeling of stumbling around in the dark.7. Including sentences that do no work. All the se ntences in your paper should make some definite contribution to developing and proving your thesis. Sentences that do something, that have some muscle, play a real role in advancing your main argument. Sentences like The Civil War was an important event in Ameri washbasin history or In this paper I will be discussing a number of issues relating to the Civil War should be eliminated without hesitation.8. Not writing in paragraphs (or writing in one-sentence paragraphs). Paragraphs are the grammatical construction blocks of any paper and its critical to construct a paper using paragraphs of about four to five sentences each. Who wants a single, ginormous building block? And college papers arent like some newspaper articles in which each paragraph is just one sentence. Youre expecting to develop a (small) thought, even within a paragraph, and no one can do that in one sentence.9. Making errors in spelling and grammar. College professors dont always consciously take off for spelling an d grammatical errors, but its hard to give an A to a paper that shows great carelessness in preparation. Were in the age of automated spelling and grammar check. Surely you can recognize those red and spurt squiggles on your screen and fix them. (And while youre at it, proofread your paper the old-fashioned way with your eyes. No spell checker will catch those vex wrong words or homonyms.)

Brindage Act 1902 Essay Example for Free

Brindage Act 1902 Essay1.The Brindage Act 1902 that was implemented on November 12,1902, prohibits the Filipinos to form or join groups against the US government. The Act was created in order to soothe the Filipinos so that it would be easier for the American government to execute their plans for the country. This law states that whoever continues to revolt against the Americans will be considered as thieves. Even though Americans tried to stop the activists, at that place were lock some Filipinos like Macario Sakay that remained fighting. They were affected greatly by the law, because they cannot walk streets without getting themselves arrested. And although they had the rich people funding them from the beginning, it was stop, therefore it led to the lack of nutrient and arms. The bandoleros continued fighting even though some of their fellow Katipuneros surr closing curtainered to the US. I consider them heroes and patriots even though it is said that the country is in a inactive situation, because they were fighting for the independence they fought since the Spanish times.2.The First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was established along with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution. This was said to be the end of the Spanish rule. First President Emilio Aguinaldo changed the revolutionary government to a dictatorial and later went back to the revolutionary government. Malolos Republic has its President, Cabinet Members and Ministers, but in my opinion, it is still premature.The departments are messed up like the Department of Foreign Affairs, Navy and Commerce Department of War and Public Works Department of Police, Internal Order, Justice, Education and hygienics Department of Finance, Manufacturing Industry. Its as if it was hastened just so they could form departments. I also believe that if this was a successful government, it would last longer, and the Americans could have let go of us to be an independent country.

Literature Review About Meter Reading Techniques Computer Science Essay

Literature Review About prison term Reading Techniques Computer Science EssayIn this chapter we eitherow explore to a greater extent about how bar denotation is d one and only(a), the different type of techniques that exist to read grands, and involuntary beat reading specially the use of Bluetooth technology for automatic pulsation reading. A world wide-eyed view allow for be explored before we look to the context of Mauritius. heartbeatsA one thousand is a device that trick comments and displays the charter quantity of an element, substance or any quantifiable matter, whitethorn it be electrons, water, gas, glucose and many others. in that location ar many uses of meters and in many different sectors of our world. For example, in health sector meters atomic number 18 employ to measure the level of glucose in the blood, to measure pulse rate, and many others. The return sector, corresponding gas, water or electrical energy companies, uses a very large numbers of meters. These companies acquire to monitor the usage of the re ancestors utilise by their customers so that they push aside be charged for the amount they oblige use. on that point atomic number 18 as well other meters like gauss meters, geomagnetic meters, microwave meters, and many to a greater extent.As we have seen, there argon many sectors in which meters be be utilise we stacknot focus our attention in all of them. So, we pass on concentrate our effort in the utility sector, more specifically the one for electricity companies. wherefore this choice? Because Energy sector is a driving force in our world and that many gear upments and advances are thanks to electricity. So from here on we exit focus our attention on that specific domain.Types of metersThere are many types of meters depending on the area of use. The main types of electric meters areElectromechanical Induction Meter (Standard Meter) It is a meter which counts the number of turns an aluminium disc d oes. The amount of electricity used is directly proportional to the number of revolutions of the aluminium disc. The electricity is measured in kilowatt- mos and the rate of charge remains constant all over the day. These types of meters are commonly used on single phase alternating current supply.electronic Meters These meters have an electronic display and make use of wireless technologies like Bluetooth, GSM and GPRS to transfer in fashionation about electrical pulmonary tuberculosis. They have inbuilt automatic sensors which helps to detect electrical energy theft or meter tampering.Prepaid meters are like the standard meters the only difference is that, or else getting a honker at the end of the month, it is a pay as you use service. I.e. the consumer pays in advance for the electricity function.Smart meter These meters record the amount of electricity consumption for a certain(p)(p) period of condemnation. The recorded info is then sent to the utility company for monitor ing and commission purposes. Smart meters butt end transfer data from and to the meter, i.e. it is a two way communication.Meter readingElectric meters measure electricity mostly in kilowatt hour (kWh). One kilowatt hour is equal to the amount of energy used by a load of one kilowatt over a period of one hour, or 3,600,000 joules. The meter reading process is through with(p) periodically, so that consumers nookie be account for that period of time. There are different method actings used by different companies for metering. There are two ways that bathroom be identified. Namely the traditional way and new techniques.The traditional way, which uses the standard meter, bed be described as The meter ratifier goes to the consumers place. There, the meter indorser reads the current value on the meter and note it down on the bill for the previous electricity consumption period. The bill is then given to the consumer. The meter reader will then enter the current value in the compa nys organization, so that the consumer can be billed for that current period.The new techniques, which uses, electronic and smart meter are as follows The meter reader makes use of new technologies to read the meter value, and meters have an electronic display. There are many different new techniques used for meter reading, and they will be further elaborated below. automatic pistol meter reading (AMR)Automatic meter reading (AMR), is the technology where data about consumption and the status of the meter device is collected automatically. The data is sent to a central database for it to be analysed and billing purpose. Meters for water, gas, and electricity can use the AMR technique.With the uses of AMR, there can be one way or two-way communication. In the one way communication, query is done only to know the reading value from the meter. Whereas in the two way communication functions can besides be implemented to the meter.Techniques for automatic meter readingThere are several techniques for automatic meter reading some of them are listed below.Touch TechnologyIn the touch technology, a meter reader have a device, it may be a handheld computer or specialised data collection device. When the meter reader in close mould to the meter the latter press a button. A signal is sent firm the device to the meter and the reading of the meter is relieve on the device. That saved data is downloaded to a data collection computer for billing purpose. This technique is besides referred as on-site AMR, as the meter reader needs to go on site to read the meter reading.Radio Frequency NetworkAs its name suggest, the network uses radio wave to progress with the meters. There are automatic reading agreements which uses the radio based technology such Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth and many others. around of them are listed below.Handheld a meter reader collects meter reading from meters which support AMR brass. The meter reader carries a take-away computer with a radio r elative frequency receiver and transceiver which reads the meter readings value. 2Mobile it is also referred to as drive-by is a technique where the meter reading device is installed in a vehicle. The meter reader needs only to drive the vehicle along the path where the meters are found and the meter reading value is read automatically by the device installed in the vehicle. 2Fixed network it is a method where there is a network which is installed permanently to read meter reading. The network consists of many repeaters, collectors and a lot of other equipments so that values read are transferred to a central database. This method does not need the intervention of any human to read the metering value.Some time a hybrid AMR system is implemented so that when the fixed network goes down, the restless system come into action. 2Assessing the traditional meter reading and AMRThe advantage and disadvantage of both traditional meter reading and AMR techniques are listed in the table below .Traditional Meter ReadingAdvantageDisadvantageCreation of job, as more mess are needed to discharge meter readingSocial contact with consumersThere can be error when reading the value.Difficult to detect fraud on meters.Some people consider the meter reader as an intruder in their privacy.Security of the person performing the reading the person may be attacked by dogs dishearten 21 Traditional Meter ReadingAutomatic meter readingAdvantageDisadvantageEnable theft detection.More accurate meter reading.Reduce operating cost.There is no need to enter consumers property (except for exceptional cases).If the system is down, billing will be affected.The use of radio waves can be a source of concern to a minority of peopleTable 22 AMRExisting system using Automatic Meter readingThere are many AMR systems implemented in many in different countries and using many of the different techniques listed above. Some of the existing AMR systems are listedNew Mexico Gas Company is using the AMR ser vice. This has greatly helped to improve the working of the company. 4The Ontario government introduced legislation on Nov. 3, 2005 to start the process of getting smart meters into every(prenominal) home and small business in the province by 2010. 5Meridian Energy has started replacing traditional electricity meters with new smart electricity meters which will set a new benchmark for electricity retailing in New Zealand 6Existing system of Bluetooth enable meter readingThere are some companies which are using Bluetooth enabled meter for the reading of their meters, and there are some supplies of Bluetooth enabled meters. The topic is further true below.Existing systemCambridge Consultants has delivered a archetype design of a Bluetooth-based radio module to the leading utility metering company, Actaris. Based on a single-chip Bluetooth device, the module provides new opportunities to drive down the cost of remote control metering, allowing meters to be wireless-enabled at very l ow cost and opening the door to high-integrity consumer-activated schemes. Consumers with Bluetooth active phones, laptops or PDAs would have the option of taking meter readings themselves and communicating them to the utility company over the internet or GSM. 7Bluetooth enabled meters suppliersThere are many suppliers of Bluetooth enabled meters. Some of the suppliers are listed below.Landis+Gyr, is a company which design and manufactures electricity meters. This company have also design a Bluetooth reading system where they can read meters using Bluetooth. 8 contour 21 Bluetooth reader 8Metex Corporation limited is a company which is manufacture meter readers, and the company has meters with Bluetooth technology. These meters can be used in an AMR system. 9Current situation in MauritiusIn Mauritius, we have the Central electricity Board (CEB), Central Water Authority (CWA) and Waste Water Authority (WMA) as the main utilities companies. All these utilities companies are using th e traditional way for their billing purposes. .I.e. a meter reader will go home by home and read their respective standard meter.The CEB is doing research on how to implement automatic meter reading and they have some electronic meters for test purposes. CEB has also intention to implement prepaid meters.The AMR system on which CEB is experimenting consist of meter which has a modem. Then a communication is set with the modem and concerned data is read. That data is used for the billing purpose. As mentioned, the system is still at a testing phase, so a lot are still need to be done. To be able to implement AMR system all standard meters need to be changed to AMR supported meters, and meter readers need to be trained to be able to use the new system.Bluetooth TechnologyWhat isBluetooth?Bluetoothis a wireless technology for short range communications which was developed to replace the cables connecting devices, may it be fixed or portable ones. much(prenominal) devices are mobile p hones, printers, cameras, desktop computer, and many others. The Bluetoothtechnology is a low power, low cost and maintains high levels of security.Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 to 2.485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. 10The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), an organization of several companies work together to maintain and develop the Bluetooth technology. 10The name Bluetooth comes from Danish King Harold Bluetooth. He was influential in uniting warring factions in parts of what is now Norway, Sweden and Denmark. 11Bluetooth technology can withstand hurly burly from wireless technologies which uses the 2.4 GHz spectrum. Adaptive frequency hopping (AFH) of Bluetooth technology detects other devices in the spectrum and avoid the frequency they are using. 11According to Martin Reynolds, an analyst with Gartner Groups Dataquest, The thin g about Bluetooth is that it truly will ship in the billions of units once it gains momentum. Its really a multibillion-dollar market. 12Bluetooth LogoFigure 22 Bluetooth logo 13Bluetooth rangeBluetooth radio waves use certain amount of energy and can goes up to a maximum of certain diameter. The table below show Bluetooth class and its limit up to where it can go. stratumPower use (mW)Range (approximate) in meters110010022.510311Table 23 Bluetooth class rangeBLUETOOTH NetworkThere are two type of networkPiconet is made up of one master and one or more slaves but only up to a maximum of seven active slaves at a time. The device initiating the connection automatically becomes the master and is the master of the piconet. Slaves may not communicate directly with each other they can only communicate with the master and transfer data when they are granted transmission time by the latter. Slaves synchronize their frequency hopping with the master using the masters clock and Bluetooth add ress.Figure 23 Typical piconet 14Scatternet Multiple piconets with overlapping coverage areas form a scatternet. Each piconet may have only one master, but slaves may participate in different piconets on a time-division multiplex basis. A device may be a master in one piconet and a slave in another or a slave in more than one piconet.Figure 24 Typical scatternet 15Bluetooth protocol tonsThe Bluetooth protocol stack allows Bluetooth devices from different manufactures to work with one another. Some of Bluetooth protocol stacksLMP (Link Management Protocol) configure and control links to other devices.L2CAP (Logical Link Control Adaptation Protocol) links upper layer protocols over the Baseband and the passing on of quality of service information.RFCOMM (Cable replacement protocol) protocol provides emulation of serial ports over the L2CAP protocol.Service Discovery Protocol provide a way for discovering services provided by or available through a Bluetooth device. It also allows maskings to know about the characteristics of the services which are available.HCI (Host/Controller Interface) access the hardware status and control register. It also provides a command interface to the Link Manager and Baseband Link Controller.Bluetooth radio is a transceiver which transmits and receives modulated Bluetooth radio waves for the devices.Figure 25 Bluetooth protocol stacks 15Bluetooth pro shoot downsBluetooth profiles help two devices which have the same profile to communicate with each other. Each Bluetooth device must support at least one profile. There are a wide range of Bluetooth profiles that explain many different types of finishings.Generic Access Profile (GAP) Provides the basis Bluetooth functionality for all profiles. Some of the functionalities are like setting up L2CAP links, handling security modes and discoverable modes.Serial Port Profile (SPP) Provides serial port (RS-232) emulation based on the RFCOMM part of the Bluetooth stack. control Up Network ing Profile (DUNP) Defines how to a Bluetooth device can be used as a Dial Up Networking gatewayFAX Profile Defines how a Bluetooth device can be used as a FAX gatewayHeadset Profile Defines what is required to transfer audio e.g. a wireless Bluetooth headsetlocal area network Access Point Profile Defines how a Bluetooth device can be used as a LAN access pointGeneric aspiration Exchange Profile (GOEP) Provides support for the OBjext EXchange (OBEX) protocol over Bluetooth linksObject Push Profile Defines how to exchange vCard and vCalendar intentions, based on the GOEPFile rapture Profile Defines functionality of how to navigate through folders and copying, deleting or creating a file or folder on a Bluetooth device, based on the GOEP.Figure 26 Bluetooth Profiles 16THE ADVANTAGES OF BLUETOOTHShort transmission range up to a maximum of 100 meters with class 1.Low Power Bluetooth takes relatively low power, thus it is suitable for devices with dependent battery capacity.Interope rability as it have standardised protocols.Robustness capable of operating in an environment strongly where there are many other radio wavesTechnologies for developing the systemThere are many phase for the development of a system and there are many tools available for their development. Two categories can be identified for a system hardware and package. The hardware part is the part that can be hold by hands and move if it is portable. The software part can be seen as the one who make the hardware works correctly. Without the software, the hardware cannot be used fully.Programming talking toThere are a series of programming languages that are available to programmers to calculate systems. Each programming language has an area of application where it is better. Some of the programming languages are listed below. coffee berryJava is cross platform and GNU General Public Licenseprogramming language. Java is an object-oriented, class-based, all-purpose, and concurrent language. It i s intended to let application developers write once, graze anywhere. Java programming languages is used in many systems ranging from applications software to web applications. Java can be use for Bluetooth programming. Java Communication Process (JCP) developed JSR 82, Java API for Bluetooth, so that Bluetooth enabled devices can be code easily using J2ME.Integrated development environment (IDE) help to code with java, some examples areNetBeansThe NetBeans IDE is pen in Java and needs JVM run. It can run on different operating system like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Solaris. A JDK is required for the functionality of Java development. Netbeans also has a GUI design tool that help developers to design GUIs.EclipseEclipse was mostly written in java and can be used to develop java application. There are a lot of plug-in which helps to for development.J2MEJ2ME is Java platform used to code embedded devices, like mobile phones. Java ME source code is licensed low the GNU General Publi c License. J2ME can be use to code systems with wireless connection.C programming languageC is a general-purpose computer programming language that can run on many platforms. C can be use for developing portable application software.PythonPython is a multi-paradigm programming language and it is cross platform, i.e. it can work on different operation systems. Python can be use for Bluetooth programming. optic Basic.Net (VB.Net)Visual basic is implemented on .Net framework. VB.Net was designed by Microsoft and it is an object oriented language.Relational Database Management System (RDMS)Some of RDMS are listed belowMySQLMySQL is a relational database management system which is released under the GNU General Public License. It offers multi-user access to databases and it is cross platform software.PostgreSQLPostgreSQL is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) and it is released under PostgreSQL License. Thus it can be modified and distributed in any form desired.Web ServerA Web server is responsible to process users request and reply back. The replies are principally HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents. Web servers are mainly used t host Web sites.Apache HTTP ServerApache HTTP Server is a Web server which is licensed under Apache License 2.0, which means that it is an open source HTTP server. It is platform independent, highly secure and efficient.Internet Information Server (IIS)IIS was created and is owned by Microsoft. There is need to bargain for it license to use it.Web Development ToolsThere are many server side scripting languages that are used. Some of them are listed belowPHPPHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a general-purpose scripting language that was designed for web development so as to have dynamic web pages. PHP can work on most servers and operating system.ASP.NETASP.NET allows programmers to found dynamic web pages, web services and web application. It is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft.H ardwareSome of the hardware that can be used is listed below.Mobile phoneMobiles phones have become a common electronic device. It offers many options than just make call and send messages. present we can access the Internet via mobile phones, and there are many applications that where developed on mobile phone. New generation mobile phones are render with camera and Bluetooth.Laptop/ ComputersComputer is like the tool that enables programmers to work. All most all programming languages, not to say all, can work on computers. They are also equipped with many wireless devices like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.Embedded devicesThere are embedded devices that are designed specifically to do certain things. Some examples are MP3 player, washing machines, Bluetooth meter reader, and many others.Evaluation of ToolsProgramming languageThe programming language is what will help to make the software. Each programming language has positive and negative points depending on the type of software that nee d to be developed. The pros and cons of certain programming languages are listed below.J2MEProsConsOffer better networking capabilityAvailable on various platformsJ2ME applications are portableRich user interfaceRobust security features.There is a wide range of mobiles which support Java, thus having wide range of mobile phone that can be used.Midlet cannot access all native resources without authorization.Application need to adapt for phones which have different CLDC, MIDP, JSR and Bluetooth.Table 34 J2MEJavaProsConsJava code can work on many different platforms.Java is secure, robust and reliable.Java provides use of multithreading.Java is object oriented and allows creation of modular programs and reusable code.Java have an API for Bluetooth programmingJava is slower and consumes more memory when compared to languages such as C or C++.Table 35 JavaWeb ServersWeb servers are what will enable the data to be access over a network in a convenient way. There are a lot of web servers, some of them are described below.ApacheProsConsApache is open and thus can be customised easily according to requirementsMulti-platform. It runs on a wide variety of operating systems, including all variants of UNIX, Windows 9x/NT, and Mac OSApache is not regularly updatedRequires more skilful knowledge to install and configureTable 36 ApacheIISProsConsGUI mode installation.Works with a wide range of operating systems and browsers.Source code is proprietary.Can only work within Windows environment.Table 37 IISWeb Development LanguagesWeb development language will be used to code for application at server side. There is a wide pool of language that is available. Some of them are listed below with their some of their pros and cons.PHPProsConsPHP is set down and promiscuous to use.PHP help to interact with database easily.Can support many operating systems, like Windows, Linux and Mac OS.PHP engine need to be installed on server to use PHP.Debugging can be durationy for complex prog ram.Table 38 PHPASP.NETProsConsASP.NET code is compiled at server before being sent to the browser thus faster.ASP.NET pages are simple to write and can cope with heavy traffic without affecting performance adverselyASP.NET runs on only windows platform.ActiveX objects are platform specific, thus it will not work easily on many Web servers.Table 39 ASP.NetRDBMSRelational Database Management System (RDMS) will be used to store all data. It is very all important(p) as all sensitive data will be there and data will be used to do billing purpose.MySQLProsConsEasy to use.Free and Open source system.Runs on a range of different platforms.Can handle large sets of data.It is secure. Passwords are encrypted recuperation of database is not guaranteed in case of a power cut.Operates over known IP ports which facilitate the task of intrudersTable 310 MySQLPostgreSQLProsConsIt is a free and Open source softwarePostgreSQL can work on different platformPostgreSQL is very scalable and extensibleIt is slow compared to MySQLLacks binary distribution for all the supported platforms.Table 311 PostgresSQLChoice of Final ToolsJava is appropriate for the desktop application as it can work on many different platforms and have an API for Bluetooth.J2ME is used for the mobile application development as many mobile phones can support java and have an API for Bluetooth.Bluecove API for Bluetooth programming as it is open source and support java.PHP will be used for the web application as it is free and easy to interact with database.MySQL is more suitable for database system as it is free and work well with Web servers.DesignThe design section gives an overview of the structure of the software and architecture of the system. It also includes the data involved, the interfaces between system components, algorithm and protocol to be used for the system implementation.System Design IssuesSeveral system design issues like performance, quality of service, fault tolerance, and security, which are important in the design of a system, are discussed below.Performance IssuesThe performance issues are concerned with the limitation of computers in term of processing power and communication capacities. These issues can be described in the followings waysResponsiveness It is how fast the system processes given input to give an output. The use of threading allows multiple tasks to process simultaneously. Threads can be used for processor intensive process. Threads can be implemented in Java Environment.Applications running on networks depend greatly on the load and performance of servers and also the network load itself. Server and network load balancing can be used to prevent them from being overloaded. Such technique is beyond the scope of this project. When using the Internet, there is a probability of communication delays and data being corrupted, this beyond of ones control.Throughput It is of the system corresponds to the amount of data transmit between the client and serv er in a given time interval.On a wireless network is takes a long time to examine connection between the server and the client and the latency time of HTTP is significantly high. So, the number of HTTP round trips in the application must be kept to the stringent minimum.RobustnessRobustness is the ability of the system to operate in the presence of incorrect input or cope with errors when the system is running.Validations check like length check and data type check can be used to prevent wrong input and catch errors where shared resources are being accessed.Interactivity interaction with the system can be in many different ways. Data or command input to the system will make it produce certain result. Some of the ways that can interact with the system are listed below.The use of graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate user to communicate with the system.Providing options and menus where possible instead of typing data.Users using the mobile application need to enter data via p hone keypad.Use of meaningful icons, so that user can interact apace with the system.FlexibilityThe web application can support multiple users at a time and can receive and process multiple requests a time. The system must be able to cope if there is significant increase in the number of users and additional resources can be added if needed to.PortabilityThe mobile application can be run on Java enabled mobiles phones which support MIDP 2.0. The web application can run on multiples types of servers.Limit size of JAR fileThe mobile application has limited resources to use. So the application is obfuscated to reduce its size. The obfuscation process helps to remove unused classes and libraries.Error, Exception Handling and Fault ToleranceThe application should continue to work correctly in presence of software, hardware and network faults. Errors will be caught in try-catch blocks to alert user of the error.SecuritySecurity is one of the focal point of a system. There is no system on earth which can be tagged as impenetrable. What can be done is, to make the system less vulnerable to attacks. The system needs to protect data from unauthorized users. The ways to protect the system is listed below.Users need a username and tidings to be able to access the system. User will be identified and authenticated before they can use the system.The database will be protected with password.architectural DesignIn this section, the different components of the system are illustrated and how they interact between them.Overall ArchitectureThe system is made up of three main components the meter, the mobile application and the server application. The mobile application will be used to read a value via Bluetooth from the meter and will send that value via mobile network operator to the server. The connection between the mobile and the server is done via wireless connection such as GPRS, WAP, EDGE or Wi-Fi.The meter will be a simulated meter on a laptop that will be accessed via B luetooth by a mobile application.The server will be used to host the web site and connect to the database. That database will be used to store all information needed.The figure below shows the overall architecture.Figure 47 Overall architectureDetailed architectureFigure 48 Component diagram