Careers: Florist Essay -- essays research papers

I chose flowered design for my career. A florist does a variety of things in a sell flower shop. The briny thing is arranging flowers. They prepare bouquets, corsages, funeral pieces, dried floral arrangements, and decorations for weddings, objet darties, and events. Depending on how much the owner asks of them, some florists are in charge of guild flowers, ribbon, giftware, and other hard goods. just about also do the bookkeeping. I Chose this career because when I was little I used to go to Garden Gazebo and my aunty Linda would give me scrap flowers to crook with. Then when my grandma bought it I would come up during the summer and watch the girls work. A year and a half past I started working there. When I started it was just bookkeeping, but I spent a lot of the summer learning design. Its fun working at the flower shop, thats the main reason I chose this career. Also, I already know a lot about the business between working in the office and out in the store. There isn t much takeing needed for this job. An eye for color, design, and depth are most important. Most florists learn on the job. Working part cadence and summer jobs in flower shops and nurseries is extremely helpful. They must have a knowledge of flowers and plants. In some instances even the giftware part of a retail shop. mavin of the girls I work with started hanging around her moms shop in Jr. High, and worked there during high school and college. Then she went to a floral design scho... Careers Florist Essay -- essays research papers I chose floral design for my career. A florist does a variety of things in a retail flower shop. The main thing is arranging flowers. They prepare bouquets, corsages, funeral pieces, dried floral arrangements, and decorations for weddings, parties, and events. Depending on how much the owner asks of them, some florists are in charge of ordering flowers, ribbon, giftware, and other hard goods. Some also do the bookkeeping. I Chose thi s career because when I was little I used to go to Garden Gazebo and my Aunt Linda would give me scrap flowers to play with. Then when my grandma bought it I would come up during the summer and watch the girls work. A year and a half ago I started working there. When I started it was just bookkeeping, but I spent a lot of the summer learning design. Its fun working at the flower shop, thats the main reason I chose this career. Also, I already know a lot about the business between working in the office and out in the store. There isnt much schooling needed for this job. An eye for color, design, and depth are most important. Most florists learn on the job. Working part time and summer jobs in flower shops and nurseries is extremely helpful. They must have a knowledge of flowers and plants. In some instances even the giftware part of a retail shop. One of the girls I work with started hanging around her moms shop in Jr. High, and worked there during high school and college. Then she w ent to a floral design scho...

The Mystic Knights Band and Daniel Robert Elfman Essay example -- music

Daniel Robert Elfman known as Danny Elfman was born May 29, 1953 in Amarillo Texas. He grew up in Los Angeles until he moved to France with his brother at the age of 18. His dumbfound Blossom Elfman was a teacher and a writer and his father Milton was a teacher and was also in the Air Force. His brother Robert is a filmmaker. He was conjoin to Bridget Fonda on November 29, 2003 and has scored one movie of hers in 1997. He has three children Lola born in 1979, Mali born in 1984, and Oliver born in 2005.When he went with his brother to France he performed with an avant-garde musical theater group known as Le Grand Magic Circus. He then decided to travel through Ghana, Mali, and speed Volta in Africa experiencing refreshed musical styles that would influence his own style. While in Africa he contracted malaria. When he finally returned to the United States he began studying at CalArts even though he was not really a student there. In 1972 Richard Elfman began a band known as The Mys tic Knights of the Oingo Boingo that was a new wave band when he left the band to become a filmmaker. In 1976 Danny took over the band until they retired in 1995. They were then called simply Oingo Boingo in 1979 they were a ska influenced new wave band until they changed styles again in the 80s and became more guitar rock. They were known for their Halloween themes and sold out every Halloween concert they ever performed. unmatched of their most popular songs that is played on several radio stations every year for Halloween is Dead Mans Party.In 1985 Tim Burton and capital of Minnesota Reubens asked Danny Elfman to write the score for their film Pee-wees Big Adventure. At the time he had no formal training but sought help from Steve Bartek the guitar player and arranger for Oin... ...on all 24. put forward for 2 British Academy Film Awards and has not won both, same with Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards. Nominated for 4 Chicago Film Critics Association Awards and did n ot win any of them. Nominated for 2 Emmy Awards won one. Nominated for 2 Golden Globes did not win either time. Nominated for 11 Grammy Awards won once. Nominated for 1 Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards did not win it. Nominated for 6 Satellite Awards won once. Nominated for 12 Saturn Awards won 5 of them. Nominated for 2 Sierra Awards one once. Nominated for 2 World Soundtrack Awards did not win either time. He has been nominal for a total of 75 awards and has won 33.Works CitedBarnes & Noble Biography http//video.barnesandnoble.com/search/biography.asp?CTR=68216Encylopedia.com http//www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Danny_Elfman.aspxMusic For a Darkened Theatre

Essay --

Growing up in an affluent New Jersey neighborhood, shaft Balakians house can fall apart us a lot about his up bringing. Tenafly, New Jersey seems to be a common topic in Balakians memoir dull Dog of Fate. Not only must we study the house, but also the relationships that are formed within Balakians household. His extended family is made up of physicians, merchants, and well-known(a) literary authors. Arguably the biggest presence in Peters life was his Grandmother, along with his Mother and Father.One of Peters most vivid memories is of his Grandmother. He starts off his memoir with a lengthy description of her and her flatbed, as if she were still alive when he wrote it. He describes her apartment as mysterious and exotic after(prenominal) the suburban houses of Teaneck (6). He seems to view her apartment as old fashioned (it was a 1940s kitchen with long white cabinets, a white enamel sink, red-speckled linoleum cracking at the seams, and a coiled buzzing fluorescent lig ht on the ceiling (7)) and different then the houses he is used to in suburbia. Her apartment seems to be laced with Armenian culture compared to his Americanized home back in Teaneck. A tradition or at least custom that seems important to Peter and his life at home is his love for and following of the Yankees. The Yankees were a type of family bonding for Peter, and he even followed them with his Grandmother. My grandmother and I followed the Yankees together, and by the time I was ten it had become an ongoing conversation between us. Box scores, averages, pitching rotations, prenogis for the World Series because there was almost never a series without the Yankees (12). The Yankees were a symbol of American pride for Peter, they were more than a team... ...e. On either side of our new development were grand nineteenth-century houses and manors set back behind high gear hedges. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century stone Dutch houses still spotted the town and some quite fabul ous nineteenth-century estates surrounded our new street (50). This description of Balkianss house, as he remembers it, might tell him that his family is becoming more accustomed to the American culture, yet still keeping with their Armenian roots. The move from Teaneck to Tenafly just shows that his family is living the American aspiration by finding a city that fits them best and a house that is custom built to their liking. All of a sudden Peter is living in a community where families are larger and dinner is just a race to get done with. It seems as though the move to Tenafly is an immersion into the American lifestyle, even more than Teaneck.

Legalizing Marijuana Will Decreased Crime Essay -- legalization of cann

Marijuana is the cause of much commotion and debating, as the question of legalisation becomes more(prenominal) of an issue. do mediciness are a major influential force in countries all over the world today. Legalization is an option that has not had a chance, but rattling should be given one. Although many people feel that legalizing marijuana would increase the amount of medicine use, legalization would benefit for the following reasons 1)reduction of money fatigued on law enforcement 2)increase in the countries revenue 3)lessen crime 4)useful in treating certain medical conditions.Many feel today we are loosing the war on do drugss. People fence legalization unnecessary. They feel that it will increase the amount of drug use throughout the world. They state that in many cases, drug users who have stop quit because of trouble with the law. Legalization would eliminate the legal forces that discourage the users from using or selling drugs. They also say that by making drugs legal, the people who have never tried drugs for fear of getting caught by the law will have no reason to be afraid anymore and will become users (Potter 1998).However, legalization will be profitable to global economies in two ways. It will allow for money spent on drug law enforcement to be spent more wisely and will increase revenue. There have been escalating costs spent on the war against drugs and countless dollars spent on rehabilitation. Every course in the United States, ten billion dollars are spent on enforcing drug laws alone. drug violators accounted for about forty percent of all criminals in federal prisons (Rosenthal 1996). In 1989, a Republican county executive of Mercer County, N.J., estimated that it would cost approximately one billion dollars to build the jail space required to house all the drug users in Trenton alone (Roffman 1982). All of this money could be spent on things of greater importance. Not only has the drug problem increased, but the drug relate d problems are on the rise. Drug abuse is a killer worldwide. Some are born addicts (crack babies), while others develop addictions later in life. Drug violators are a major cause of extreme overcrowding in US prisons. In 1992, 59,000 inmates were added to make a record setting 833,600 inmates nationwide (Rosenthal 1996). A towering percentage of these prisoners were serving time because of drug related incid... ... decided that it is a valid and necessary solution to our countries drug problem. By implementing such a architectural plan the American population can use its money and resources to combat the problem through the legal system. Legalization will decrease violent crime associated with drug dealers, it will decrease the number of users and will lower the wasteful cost which is connected with the current system. Such legalization will not destroy our youth in any way and will only be accessible to adults in the country. If we continue with our current system we will neve r solve the problem. Drug dealers and addicts will crown our prisons and plague our streets.Bibliography1)Friedman, Milton. Prohibition and Drugs. Newsweek. 19722)Potter, Beverly The Healing Magic of Cannabis Ronin Publishings, Inc. CA 19983)Randell, Robert C The Patients Fight for Medicinal Pot Thunders Mouth Press, NY 19984)Roffman, Roger A Marijuana as Medicine Madrona Publishers, Inc., WA 19825) Rosenthal, Ed Why Marijuana Should be Legal Thunders Mouth Press, NY 1996

Changing Use Of Language :: essays research papers

I chose to go steady the entomology of a word that most people can usually not go by a day without using at least once, computer. With the explosion of the personal computer in the last ten years, most households in America consume at least one. However, the meaning of the word "computer" has changed in the last century. The word itself is found in text as far back as 1646 when Sir T. Brown said, "The calendars of these computers." The use of "computer" in this sense, as defined by the OED, is one who computes a calculator, reckoner a person employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc.Then, around 1897, the use of "computer" began to change. In the January 22 edition of Engineering, this usage appeared "This was... a computer made by Mr. W. Cox. He described it as of the nature of a circular slide rule." This usage began the change of the definition. In the supplement to the OED, "computer" is now defined as a calculating car an automatic electronic device for performing mathematical or logical operation.The word "computer" stems from the verb "compute" which came from the French comput-r and the Latin computa-re. It was formed by adding com - in concert and putare - to clear up, settle, reckon. Together, "compute" means to estimate or determine by arithmetical or mathematical reckoning to calculate, reckon, count. Then from the word "compute", the affix "er" was added giving us the definitions we have for computer today.2) In an effort to further understand language, the field of psycholinguistics formed to study the psychological side of language. manner of speaking has many different functions such as communication, expressing emotion, explaining ideas, to create relationships, and recording ideas. Without the use of language, it would be nearly impossible to explain the history of anything. Language allows for the communication that is nece ssity for survival. It is not only humans who benefit from language either. Bees use a complex system of a dance and buzz to show the hive where to find food, and birds use different chirps to communicate.One psycholinguistic, Hockett, said that all languages have some shots that are the same at some level which he called Linguistic Universals. One aspect of Linguistic Universals is the broadcast transmission, which says that language is public and that anyone around the message will pick it up. Another aspect of language is that it is rapid fading, or if you dont get it right(a) away, you wont get it at all.

Changing Use Of Language :: essays research papers

I chose to find the entomology of a word that most mess can usually not go through a day without using at least once, ready reckoner. With the explosion of the personal work upr in the pass away ten years, most households in America own at least one. However, the meaning of the word "computer" has changed in the last century. The word itself is found in text as far back as 1646 when Sir T. Brown said, "The calendars of these computers." The use of "computer" in this sense, as defined by the OED, is one who computes a calculator, computing device a person employed to make calculations in an observatory, in surveying, etc.Then, around 1897, the use of "computer" began to change. In the January 22 edition of Engineering, this usage appeared "This was... a computer made by Mr. W. Cox. He described it as of the nature of a circular slide rule." This usage began the change of the definition. In the supplement to the OED, "computer" is forthwith defined as a calculating machine an automatic electronic device for performing mathematical or logical operation.The word "computer" stems from the verb "compute" which came from the French comput-r and the Latin computa-re. It was formed by adding com - together and putare - to clear up, settle, reckon. Together, "compute" means to estimate or determine by arithmetical or mathematical reckoning to calculate, reckon, count. Then from the word "compute", the suffix "er" was added giving us the definitions we have for computer today.2) In an effort to further understand language, the national of psycholinguistics formed to study the psychological side of language. Language has many different functions such as communication, expressing emotion, explaining ideas, to create relationships, and recording ideas. Without the use of language, it would be nearly insufferable to explain the history of anything. Language allows for the communi cation that is necessary for survival. It is not only humans who benefit from language either. Bees use a complex system of a dance and buzz to show the hive where to find food, and birds use different chirps to communicate.One psycholinguistic, Hockett, said that all languages have some faces that are the same at some level which he called Linguistic Universals. One aspect of Linguistic Universals is the broadcast transmission, which says that language is public and that anyone around the message will pick it up. Another aspect of language is that it is rapid fading, or if you dont get it right away, you wont get it at all.

Literature Review on Bulimia Nervosa and its Relation to the Personality Trait Introversion

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is one of the three major have derangements usually addressed in the field of psychology. The ail is chiefly characterized by an abnormal alimentation sort that usually involves binging on fodder for a plastered period of time of time as a response to personal stressors. Often referred to as a saturnalia/purge syndrome, the eating inconvenience one self may involve such behaviors as induced vomiting, laxative and diuretic ab wasting disease, excessive exercise and unnecessary fasting. The disease usually has an onset age among 15 and 18 age and is said to affect 1-5% of (young) women in general.The disorder is chiefly hard to detect due to several(prenominal) reasons. These reasons include a) bulimics ar good at hiding their rituals b) intimately weigh within normal range for their height, sex and age and only a few argon on a lower floor or over angle and c) they demonstrate abstract and normal eating habits in public circumstances. Furtherto a greater extent, eating disorders have for a long time been thought of as a culture-bound syndrome concerning white, middle class women, and lots have non been thought to exist in other(a) societies or cultures.However, studies show that eating disorders be present withal in non-western societies, though not as prevalent (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 19). Some signs and symptoms bulimics may exhibit include dental and gum diseases due to gastric acid exposure irregular menstrual periods self-loving parotid glands gastrointestinal difficultys such as bloating, constipation, and ulcers (gastric and duodenal) and electrolyte imbalances as a result of dehydration with accompanying symptoms such as hypotension, dizziness and light headedness (Sewell, 2000 ,p. 5-6).The diagnosis of BN is primarily accomplished through the determination of the following criteria a) recurrent episodes of binge eating (rapid consumption of a large amount of provender in a distinguishable period of time) b) a feeling of lack of control over eating behavior during the eating binges c) regularly engaging in self-induced vomiting, the use of laxatives or diuretics, rigorous dieting or fasting, or vigorous exercise in order to prevent weight gain d) a minimum of two binge-eating episodes a week for at least three months and e)persistent over concern with proboscis shape and weight (Sewell, 2000, p. 6). In the paper written by Tracy Sewell (2000), she discusses the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) as affecting an estimated 2-3% of post pubertal girls and women with an additional 5-10% of whom have subclinical eating disorders. Apparently, a significant number of girls are psychologically woed suffering in quiet disturbance which makes their cries for help harder to hear and easier to ignore.As it were, girls tend to perceive their bodies, as it moves away from the thin prepubertal look, as overweight resulting in unhappy feelings and the exploitation of maladaptive methods of linte l such as extreme dietary measures (p. 98-99). Sewell (2003) discusses several variables as affecting the incidence of the disorder. mavin such variable researchers have a good deal associated with the disorder is the self-esteem levels/values of women.Issues oft surrounding the disorder include body shape dissatisfaction which have been effectuate to be racyly cor tie in with the disorder as having both a mediating and moderating effect depending on out enter measures used. Additionally, she notes that disordered eating can be conceptualized along a continuum, ranging from concern with weight and normal eating, to normative discontent with weight and moderately deregulated/restrained eating, to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (3).Normative discontent, however, does not necessarily mean a psychiatric diagnosis or categorization, the condition itself in its own right can cause considerable distress and thus is a potential risk factor for developing BN syndrome (3). cogn ition plays a vital role in the pathology of the disorder. Most studies done on the subject reveal that bulimic women tend to report significant distortion of their body parts. They are bulkyly dissatisfied with their bodies which lead them to perceive themselves as larger than they really are and thus desire to become much smaller (Sewell, 2000, p.102). Apparently, t present is a high connection between imprint, body esteem, body image pre-occupation (Sewell, 2000, p. 103) Baigrie & Giraldez, 2008, p. 173 Watson, 2008, p. 6-7) teasing, anxiety, hostility, boredom, dietary restraint (Baigrie & Giraldez, 2008), neuroticism, obsessive compulsive disorders OCD, borderline constitution disorder BPD and extroversion (Watson, 2008, p. 6-7) with the development of eating disturbances in young women with low self-esteem.Sewells (2000) research into the subject of BN reveals that there are several correlated factors in the development of the disorder. One such factor is the onset of ado lescence which is viewed as a turbulent time of storm and stress as the young womans family values come into conflict with societal, peer and media-espoused values. Numerous studies have established that adjustment problems peak during this time and thus contribute to the struggle for indistinguishability and independence (p. 6-7). Additionally, she found that certain predictive symptoms of BN can be found as soon as early childhood.These include eating and digestive problems such as problems with self-control of eating behaviors as well as eating-related family struggles. Notably, it was detect that parents of bulimics most especially the father demonstrated personality profiles suggestive of disturbed affect, weak internal controls, unmodulated mirror image of hostile impulses and absent emotionally satisfying intrafamilial ties. It was as well found that relatives of bulimics were more apparent to suffer a great deal from affective disorders, alcoholism and drug use disord ers (p.8). Furthermore, it was discovered that the families of individuals with bulimia and bulimia-like symptoms were characteristically lacking in commitment, help, support, and filled with anger, aggression and conflict. Additionally, they were also found to be disengaged, chaotic, conflictual, and lacking in expressive communication (p. 9-10). It was also discussed in the same research that maidenly and masculine traits were also correlated with the development of the disorder, especially towards the development of a distorted body-image.Apparently in the case of eating disorders, feminine traits were valued negatively compared to masculine traits and this has led women to have more negative self-concepts than men do (Sewell, 2000, p. 11). In fact, it was found that both masculine and feminine gender-typed women who powerfully adhered to a superwoman ideal were at greater risk for eating disorders than androgynous superwomen were. In contrast, androgynous superwomen had relativ ely low potential for disordered eating and appeared alike(p) to women who regardless of gender typing rejected the superwoman ideal.(Sewell, 2000, p. 13). Another area of correlation, according to the same research, is in the area of self-esteem. Apparently, low self-esteem is linked to indicators of psychological distress such as depression, neuroticism, anxiety, poor general adjustment and eating disorders. According to studies, it is generally accepted that those who have low self esteem have a greater risk of developing eating disorders (Sewell, 2000, p. 14). The issue of body image in bulimics has been found to have distinctions between body-size distortion and body dissatisfaction.The weeer is depict to be a perceptual disturbance where the patient appears unable to assess personal size accurately. The latter, on the other hand, has a more attitudinal (cognitive and affective) nature and has no disturbed size awareness. To quote in this type patients assess their physical dimensions accurately but they react to their bodies with extreme forms of disparagement or occasional aggrandizement (Sewell, 2000, p. 15). These two types are also known to operate separately or conjointly, depending on the complexity of the disorder.Depression was also found to be highly correlated to the development of bulimia. Research indicates that near 60% of all bulimics suffer from a form of depression and that these feelings may be rooted in troubles with amicableization. Studies have shown that socialization encourages the development of feminine characteristics in young women, however, the same activity also predispose them to develop learned helplessness a form of maladaptation pattern towards stress.This may be due to the infliction of the thin ideal primarily on women which results in the high frequency of depression in the group (Sewell, 2000, p. 16). In fact it was found that depression was related to eating attitudes in fifth and sixth grade girls which sugg est that preoccupation with food and dieting in girls begins in the fifth and sixth grades and increases in the 7th and eighth grades, a time when most girls are completing puberty (Sewell, 2000, p. 18).Additionally, Sewell (2000) described in her research two sets of variables which the germ predicted to have either predisposing personal effects (variables A) or precipitating effects (variables B) on the development of eating disorders. Findings for the research indicated that variables designated as B (which included self esteem and body shape dissatisfaction) had a more direct relationship in predicting eating disorder risk (p. 50-51). Apparently, it was also found that dieting can be an entree into an eating disorder especially if it were accompanied by certain risk factors and intensified by certain issues (p.51). Other findings discussed by the reason included several psychological measures intentional to estimate the presence of risk factors such as the Rosenberg Self-Est eem Inventory, Body Shape Questionnaire, endorsed sex roles, Social Insecurity Subscale and the Interoceptive Awareness Subscale (Sewell, 2000, p. 52-53, 57, 106, 108). According to the research, those who are at risk of developing eating disorders usually score high in the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory a measure indicating the presence of lowered self-esteem.Scoring high in the Body Shape Questionnaire test, on the other hand, indicates greater body shape dissatisfaction. These two measures combined indicate a greater risk for respondents travel within the clinical diagnosis range (p. 52-53). In terms of reported sex role, those who endorsed an androgynous sex role orientation were found to have high body mass indices (BMI) and scored lowest in the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), supporting findings in literature which state that those individuals with a more androgynous sex-role orientation generally score highest in self-esteem (p.57). Meanwhile, high scores on the Social Insec urity Subscale reflects the level of perceived tension, insecurity, disappointment, unrewarding and generally poor quality of social relationships while the Interoceptive Awareness Subscale, on the other hand, measures confusion and apprehension in recognizing and accurately responding to emotional states.It also reflects ones lack of confidence in recognizing and accurately identifying sensations of hunger and satiety (p. 108). Interpreting these various data led Sewell (2000) to the following conclusions numerous literatures indicate decreased self-esteem leads to a greater likelihood of organism diagnosed with an eating disorder.Similarly, increased body shape dissatisfaction and poor body image are really related to eating disorders and those individuals who indicated they always exercise were more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder than those who indicated they exercised less frequently. This also agrees with findings in the literature that indicates individuals wh o have an eating disorder are inclined to engage in great amounts of exercise, rather than exercise in moderation. (p. 52-53).These, therefore, are the gist of Sewells findings on BN and other eating disorders a) the disorder is highly predisposed by depression b) several complex co-morbidities precipitate the development of eating disorders c) failed, faulty or maladaptive social and familial interactions can affect the likeliness of developing the eating disorders and d) BN and other eating disorders display high levels of body distortion and dissatisfaction which all point towards lowered body and self esteems.In a separate study conducted by Kerstin Ekeroth (2005) where the author tackled psychological problems in adolescents and young women, she found that patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) scored higher than both patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and those with an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) on most problem scales, supporting the findings of Sewell and ot her literatures. Additionally, the author also mentions that AN-bingers/purgers (an AN subclass similar in behavior with bulimics) scored higher in externalizing behaviors than pure restrictors (p. 4).In terms of co-morbidity, the author also found strong relations with depression. However, the author also warns that starvation may cause symptoms similar to primary depressive disorder and thus has a potential to influence initial depression ratings. Similarly, it was also found that there are elevated frequencies of social phobic neurosis in both AN and BN patients. In fact, an estimated 75% of AN and 88% of BN patients had anxiety disorders predating the eating disorder (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 25-26). Additionally, the author described several personality disorder clusters usually found in persons with eating disorders.According to this description, BN patients most commonly demonstrate cluster B personality disorders. Cluster B personality disorders include borderline, antisocial, his trionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. Among these, it was found that borderline personality disorder is the most frequently reported. Additionally, BN patients also categorize under a cluster labeled C which includes disorders such as avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Apparently this cluster is commonly reported equally in both BN patients and AN patients (Ekeroth, 2005, p.27-28). Several studies have also reported that a higher frequency of suicidal behavior, drug use, and stealing are found in girls with BN indicating impulsivity disorders. As the author writes Bulimic behavior is often thought of as an expression or manifestation of a failure to control impulses to eat, and to get rid of the food afterwards. In addition, earlier studies have found that girls with bulimia not only have lower impulse control and elevated rates of impulsive behavior but also express more aggression compared to girls with AN.(Ekeroth, 2005, p. 29). This is further supported by the fact that many patients with BN seem to have disinhibitory problems. A possible exposition for this is that dieting and starvation has been found to not only influence mood lability but is also disruptive to the different psychoneuroendocrinological systems (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 30). The author also discussed that patients with eating disorders often experience conflicted relations with friends and family, and usually withdraw from social interaction.Despite this general characterization however, AN patients were found to be active in school and in sports. In sleep together contrast, BN girls were reported to have received less support from friends and family, experienced negative interactions and conflicts more frequently, and have less social competence (Ekeroth, 2005,p. 32). Furthermore, correlations identified by the author revealed the following data Correlations between the internalizing and externalizing dimensions were 0. 51/0.49 (boys/girls), and f or anxious/ dispirited, and vulturous behavior the correlations were 0. 49/0. 45 (boys/girls). Moreover, self-destructive/identity problems correlated high with anxious/depressed (r = 0. 78/0. 82 boys/girls) as well as with the internalizing dimension (r = 0. 77/0. 78 boys/girls) (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 40), revealing that a high correlation exists between self-destructive/identity problems with anxiety/depression and internalizing dimensions of persons with eating disorders.Other findings included in the paper also reveal that BN patients score higher on somatic complaints, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing, and total problems compared to AN and EDNOS patients. This was supported by the fact that BN patients report higher degrees of problem externalization especially concerning delinquent behaviors compared to AN patints (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 43). Additionally, BN patients were also reported to have more problems compared with AN patients.Similarl y, BN patients were also reported to have more problems than EDNOS patients on anxious/depressed, self-destructive/identity problems and internalizing (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 41). These findings were in line with previous reports that girls with ED score significantly lower on competence, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 48) reinforcing the idea that feelings of self-competence and having close and good relations to family and peers might be important factors influencing coping potential and treatment outcome (Ekeroth, 2005, p.43) of patients with eating disorders. Evidently, lack of competence is on of the common features in persons with eating disorders. However, like most constructs, this aspect is not easily defined (Ekeroth, 2005, p. 58). Additionally, the author discusses Bulimic behavior has been linked to impulsivityhowever, the definition of impulsivity is not clear-cut and simple. Impulsivity consists of two different aspects, lack of planning and urgency (the tendency to act rashly when experiencing negative affect), and that it is urgency, which is linked to bulimic behavior.Others have pointed at the distinction between internally and externally directed impulsive behavior, and suggest that general psychopathology is related to internally directed impulsivity (e. g. self-harm), while bulimic pathology is more specifically associated to externally directed impulsivity (e. g. theft). (Ekroth, 2005,p. 53). However, despite all these information, it is still generally regarded that there is still large uncertainty about the relevant distinction between AN-r (restrictive type), AN-b/p (binging/purgative type), and BN.(Ekeroth, 2005, p. 33). The findings in both Sewells and Ekeroths research were also supported by a third study conducted by Baigrie and Giraldez (2008). The counselling of this study however was on the subject of binge eating and its relation to coping strategies employed by Spanish otherwis e normal adolescents. In the said study, it was found that among respondents for the study, those who reported binge eating characteristically had higher BMIs, lower self esteem, depressive symptoms and were less satisfied with their body image (p. 173).Additionally, the study also determined that those who scored higher in the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) were more likely to have lower self esteem, more irrational thinking, decreased use of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies and increased use of avoidance coping (p. 174). In terms of coping strategies, the study found that the binge-eating group scored highest in three of the four areas of coping (introversion, domineering hedonist coping, and avoidance coping) with introversion and avoidance coping garnering higher mean scores (Baigrie and Giraldez, 2008, p.177). As the authors discussed it was expected that the adolescents who binge eat would use more avoidance coping strategies (unproductive coping) and fewer proble m-focused strategies (positive coping) compared to the adolescents who do not binge eat. The results confirmed that adolescents who binge eat use avoidance coping more frequently than those who do not binge eat. (Baigrie and Giraldez, 2008, p. 177). Several studies also focused on the aspect of extraversion and introversion in correlation with eating disorders (Miller et al., 2005 Hitti, 2008 Watson, 2008? , p. 6-10,23 Carmo and Leal, 2007, p. 1). In these studies, it was found that lower extraversion (i. e. introversion) was related to disordered eating especially in women who score high in neuroticism indicating that neuroticism and introversion may be risk factors in developing eating disorders (Miller et al. , 2005). This is supported by all previously discussed literature and by Miranda Hitti (2008) in her article where she states shyness and introversion are risk factors for anxiety disorders, especially social anxiety disorder. As previously discussed, anxiety disorders are common co-morbidities among persons with eating disorders. An assumption can therefore be made that since neuroticism and introversion are risk factors for developing anxiety disorders, they are therefore indirect factors towards the development of eating disorders such as bulimia. Additionally, in the study conducted by Isla Watson (2008), it was determined that extroversion has a negative relation with eating disorders.Extroversion is defined as being markedly engaged with the world and traffic with external factors in an energetic, positive manner such that extroverted individuals gain pleasure from attention and their actions are often spontaneous and lack regard for others. Furthermore, compelling separate has shown that extroversion increases after weight is restored during recoin truth from an eating disorder and that it is often not expressed in anorexic individuals therefore calling for a study to watch out for the polar trait introversion (Watson, 2008, p.10) due to the fact that introversion is a common feature of eating disorders (Watson, 2008, p. 23). This idea is further reenforce by the findings of Claudia Carmo and Isabel Leal where the authors negatively correlated extroversion and awareness with the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) subscales, allowing the authors to conclude that extroversion and awareness are protective factors against the development of eating disorders (p. 1).In summary of all the literature discussed so far, the subject of BN and eating disorders in general seem to be highly correlated and associated with anxiety and personality disorders. It is also pointed out that these psycho-behavioral disorders are a probable result of several contributing factors such as families that are disengaged, chaotic, conflictual, and lacking in expressive communication, negative self concepts, and poor quality of social relationships.These factors contribute to the development of depression, neuroticism, anxiety, poor general adjustmen t and lowered self esteem. Furthermore, these mentioned characteristics also define personality clusters found in persons with eating disorders such as BN. Though BN patients are generally more aggressive and demonstrative of delinquent behavior, distinctions between BN, AN-r, AN b/p and EDNOS is not very clearly defined. Therefore, findings about extroversion and introversion may generally apply to all of these eating disorders.If anything, the fact that extroversion is proven to be negatively related to eating disorders, the inverse thus is also plausible introversion is positively related with eating disorders. How this affects BN however is still unclear since most of the literature discussed here so far characterize BN as specifically associated with externally directed impulsivity a behavior that somewhat mirrors extroversion. However, since BN patients also have co-morbid anxiety and personality disorders it cannot be ruled out automatically that these individuals do not hav e introvertive traits.The mere fact that the characteristics lowered self esteem, avoidant coping, decreased social competence, and social phobia frequently come up as descriptive traits of the anxiety and depressive disorders found in these individuals all point to the likelihood that these individuals may have some form of introversion and that BN patients probably compensates for this by acting out in order to cover for the insecurity that is very definitive of eating disorders. ReferencesBaigrie, S. S. , Giraldez, S. L. (2008). Examining the relationship between binge eating and coping strategies and the definition of binge eating in a sample of Spanish adolescents. The Spanish Journal of Psychology vol. 11 no. 1172-180. Carmo, C. , Leal, I. (2007). Dimnsions of personality and eating disorders. University of Algarve Portugal, Department of Psychology. Ekeroth, K. (2005). Psychological problems in adolescents and young women with eating disturbances.Doctoral Dissertation for Got eborg University, Department of Psychology. Hitti, M. (2008). Variations in RGS2 Gene Linked to Shyness in Kids, intussusception in Adults. WebMD Health News Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD. Retrieved March 17, 2009 from http//www. webmd. com/mental-health/news/20080303/shyness-gene-teased-out Miller, J. L. , Schmidt, L. A. , Vaillancourt, T. , McDougall, P. and Laliberte, M. (2005).Neuroticism and introversion A risky combination for disordered eating among a non-clinical sample of undergraduate women. Elsevier Ltd. Sewell, T. (2000). Developing risk factor profiles for Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa in young adults. Thesis for the University of Manitoba for the Faculty of Graduate Studies. National Lirary of Canada. Watson, I. (2008). Personality factors & their relation with attentional bias to food words. Rsearch for the University of Wales, Bangor.

Credit Rating of Uttara Bank Limited Essay

1.1. Rationale of the ReportIn todays world, jargoning sector has become an integral p device of overall economy around the world. Millions of people be involved in banking sector. In Bangladesh, banking sector has experienced enormous growth over the past few decades. Millions of depositors, borrowers and other related parties experience interest in this sector. Creditworthiness of banks is rated by CRAB and CRISL in Bangladesh.The idea behind our report on Credit Rating Report on Uttara Bank extra (UBL) is to give identification rank of UBL by take aiming two soft and quantitative factors with judgement.1.2 Origin of the ReportThis report has been prep atomic number 18d as a requirement for completion of MBA program beneath University of Dhaka. We have prep ard the report low course F-504(Fixed Income Securities) with directions and valuable guidelines from our honorable course teacher Muhammad Mujibul Kabir, Associate Professor, Department Of Finance, University Of Dha ka.3. Objectives of the ReportBroad Objective To do credit range of Uttara Bank Limited (UBL) by considering important qualitative and quantitative information along with application of proper judgment.Specific Objectives The objectives of the report argon- To have an overall picture regarding the credit rating procedure of banking sector. To be informed with the trend and performance of the bank. To get an idea of factors affecting credit rating tier of UBL.4. Scope of the ReportThis report has been prepared to do credit rating of a particular(a) bank (UBL) as charge by our course teacher.5. methodology1.5.1 Data Collection The report is primarily based on secondary and published information. The major sources of information are published research reports and papers, DSE library, newspapers, data from one- stratum report of UBL and peer banks, rating methodology of S&P etc.1.5.2 Techniques of Data AnalysisBoth qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques were used for this research. qualitative tools bar graphs and trend line were used to present the collected data. Software used Microsoft Excel 2007, Microsoft word 2007, stata software version 10.6. LimitationsIn preparing the report, the main limitations that we face up were- Reliance on secondary data, mainly annual reports of banks. Sometimes, published data suffer from accounting manipulation. We had to prepare the credit rating report within a short time frame. Taking more time would have made the report more comprehensive.SECTION-II THEORETICAL DISCUSSION ON CREDIT RATING2.1. wherefore Credit Rating Is NecessaryA credit rating evaluates the credit worthiness of a debtor, especially a calling ( order) or a government. It is an military rank made by a credit rating agency of the debtors ability to pay back the debt and the likelihood of default. Credit ratings are firm by credit ratings agencies. The credit rating represents the credit rating agencys evaluation of qualitative and quant itative information for a company. The credit rating is used by individuals and entities that purchase the bonds issued by companies and governments to determine the likelihood that the government will pay its bond obligations. A poor credit rating indicates a credit rating agencys opinion that the company or government has a high risk of defaulting, based on the agencys analysis of the entitys history and analysis of long term economic prospects.2.1. Corporate Credit RatingsThe credit rating of a corporation is a monetary indicator to potential investors of debt securities such(prenominal) as bonds. Credit rating is usually of a financial instrument such as a bond, rather than the solely corporation. at that place are two types of corporate credit rating 1. entity rating2. issue ratingIn Bangladesh, credit rating agencies conduct entity rating. However, issue rating may be unalike from or similar to or better than entity rating. Issue rating may be higher than entity rating if a particular issue is backed by sufficient collateral, third party guarantee. 2.3. Rating MethodologyFor the credit rating of the selected companies we have considered the guidelines provided by our course teacher. Credit rating is an objective and impartial opinion on the ability and willingness of an issuer to make full and timely payments of financial obligations. This opinion is conveyed in a simple alphanumerical scale, for casual reference and comparability.We have analyzed both the qualitative and the quantitative factors of the banking industry as a whole and also various factors of the companies itself. In the part of qualitative analysis we have analyze the industry risk, keys to success, diversification factors, firm size, management quality, quality of the financial reporting, performance in the industry. In the quantitative analysis we consider the profitability, cash flow adequacy, capital structure and financial flexibility. We have assigned some points on both the q ualitative and quantitative information to get the read rating. As for the sustainability of an organization both the quality of the management and quantitative figure that means companys financial performances are equally important. We have assigned more weight for qualitative part than quantitative part.2.4. bon ton BackgroundUttara Bank is one of the bounteousst and oldest private-sector commercial banks in Bangladesh, with years of experience. Adaptation of modern engineering both in terms of equipment and banking practice ensures efficient service to clients. 215 branches at home and 600 affiliates worldwide create efficient networking and reach capability. Uttara is a bank that serves both clients and country.The Bank had been a nationalized bank in the name of Uttara Bank under the Bangladesh Bank (Nationalization) order 1972, formerly known as the Eastern Banking Corporation Limited which started functioning on and from 28.01.1965. Consequent upon the amendment of Banglad esh Bank (Nationalization) order 1972, the Uttara Bank was converted into Uttara Bank Limited as a public limited company in the year 1983. The Uttara Bank Limited was incorporated as a banking company on 29.06.1983 and obtained business commencement certificate on 21.08.1983. The Bank floated its conducts in the year 1984. It has 215 branches all over Bangladesh through which it carries out all its banking activities. The Bank is listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. as a listed company for trading of its shares.At present, the authorized capital of the bank was Tk 5000 million divided into 500 million shares of Tk 10 each. The issued and paid up capital is Tk 3306 million.Since beginning, the bank acquired effrontery and trust of the public and business houses by rendering high quality services in different areas of banking operations, professional competence and employment of the state of art technology. During the last 47 years, UTTARA Bank Limi ted has opened 215 Branches in different Business Centers of the countrySECTION-III QUALITATIVE ANALYSISQualitative analysisA. Industry chanceIn preparing credit rating report, industry analysis is a subject of great importance. Level of competition in the industry affect the profitability of a company. Different industries react differently to economic changes. Cyclical industries do much better than the aggregate economy during the expansion whereas they suffer more during contraction. In contrast, non-cyclical industries such as banking industry would experience a significant decline during a recession and also would do better during an economic expansion. Competitive advantage and injury of banking industry can be examined by Michel Porters 5 factors model.The potential threat of new entrants is moderate for banking industry due to following reasons branch of the industry is very high which is creating field for the new company that is observed during the past several years. Huge population of the country provides a biggish client base. Entry into the banking sector requires huge equity capital investment for establishing branches and related infrastructures. Established companies have absolute cost advantage relative to potential entrants. There exists Government regulation to enter into the industry.The level of profitability is primarily influenced by the nature of rivalry among firms within the industry. Several factors determine the intensity of competition among animated players in an industry. The rivalry among existing competitors is high for banking industry due to following reasons Price and non- worth Competition among banks has increased recent years. High fixed costs. Exit barriers are high as the firm cant exit as they wish and there is regulatory burden. Banks are trying to grab market share by offering various outlay and non-price products Banking products are not differentiated and easy to copy by other banks.The third dimensio n of competition in an industry is the threat of substitute products or services. The threat of substitute product in banking industry is high for the following reasons New Products are easily and right away adopted by other competing banks. Non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) offer many of products and services offered by banks.There are two factors which determine the bargaining power of buyers price sensitivity and relative bargaining power of buyers. By accenting these two issues, the bargaining power of buyers in banking industry is discussed below There are large numbers of banks. Banks depend on the buyers for a large percentage of its total revenue. Customer switching cost is low. Inability to backward integration. Buyers are highly price sensitive.The bargaining power of suppliers is high for banking industry due to following reasons Banks depend on loan and deposits as their primary products. There are a large number of banks already operating in the country.Assign ed RatingRating Rating Score Industry Risk 7.5 B. Key to success Factors Strategic focusUttara Bank has prioritized the areas depending upon the business need and regulatory requirements with the change in technologies and delivery process. The Bank rendered special focus on growth and expansion to comply with the ever-changing characteristics of capital market. As a result of this, UB Capital and Investment Limited a fully owned subsidiary company has been formed in 2010 to ingest out merchant banking operation in compliance with the regulation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the meanwhile the company is operating its activities in related field.Resource militarization was centered round delivery channels, technology, people and brand. Banks operation has achieved the confidence of its customers with sound fundamentals in respect of deposit accumulation, loans and advances, export-import business, remittance lay in from abroad and profitability. The Bank has also put special emphasized on SME financing considering the sector as a tool of diversifying portfolio to minimize risk. Again the bank has also rendering its services in Women Empowerment Development Scheme, Agricultural sector and Rural Financing sector. Corporate CreditUttara Banks business is focused to a considerable extent on the corporate clients by maintaining a relationship and extending financial assistance based on a fat understanding of the clients business environments, financial needs and internal strategies for growth. The bank extends its financial support to the corporate clients either from own finance or by system syndicated/club finance. The investment in corporate sector is the combination of a mixed and balanced allocation in various natures of business based on the socio-economic perspectives and long term planning.The bank distributed Tk. 2774.1 million as funded and non-funded facilities in Syndication Finance. The outstanding balance of same was as on 31.12.2 011 was Tk. 1596.2 million. The Bank participated in syndication finance with 21 companies. Some of them were BSRM Steels Ltd., Pacific Telecom Bangladesh Tel Ltd.(Citicell), Ranks Tel Ltd., Samuda Chemical Complex Ltd., Banga Building Materials Ltd., Pran Foods Ltd., Capital Board Mills Ltd., Creative Paper Mills Ltd., Everest Power Generation Company Ltd., Appolo Ispat Complex Ltd., PHP Float Glass Ind. Ltd., Dhaka Telephone Co. Ltd. (DTCL), Tele Barta Ltd.(TBL), Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Ltd. (Banglalink), Venture Capital Energy Ltd and many other reputed organization. The Bank worked as a alive(p) financial institution in syndication finance. Branch NetworkAs on 31 December 2011, Uttara Bank Ltd had 211 branches in different geographical locations of the country. Branches are categorise under different zonal office. Out of these 211 branches, 23 branches are under Dhaka Central Zone, 23 branches are under Dhaka North Zone, 20 branches are under Dhaka South Zone, 13 branches a re under Narayangonj Zone, 08 branches are under Mymensingh Zone, 17 branches are under Camilla Zone, 19 branches are under Chittagong Zone, 21 branches are under Sylhet Zone, 16 branches are under Khulna Zone, 18 branches are under Barisal Zone, 12 branches are under Rajshahi Zone and 19 branches are under Bogra Zone. engineeringAs one of the oldest commercial banks in the country, Uttara Bank uses latest information and communication technology. The extensive use of ICT in banking operations is more and more a matter of concern about the risk associated with information technology. The bank has formulated well defined ICT policy in line with the international beat practices and prudential guidelines of Bangladesh Bank on ICT Security. In all branches of the bank, banking operations are conducted through computerized system to minimize cost and to optimize benefits and increase overall talent for improved services. The branches have ability to prepare the financial statements at the end of the day. Bank has a guideline named Guideline on information and Communication Technology (ICT) as per Bangladesh Bank BRPD circular 14 dated 23.10.05.The bank has signed an agreement with LEADS Corporation limited, Software Company, for implementation of Core Banking Solution Bank Ultimas in the Bank.The Bank continues maintenance of the latest financial service products REUTERS-3000 Xtra and REUTERS Dealing System (RDS) for collecting accurate information of rapid changing position of international bullion market with Banks own independent Dealing Room. As a result the Bank has been able to render Treasury service up to the international standard through its Treasury Division which is equipped with most modern technology and expertise manpower.At present International Division of foreland Office and 38 branches are under SWIFT operation. As a result the bank has been able to conduct international trade including transmission of garner of credit, fund and message ins tantly throughout the world at low cost. Human ResourceThe Bank has always recognizes the contributions of its human resources as they individually and collectively render their force to the achievement of the objectives of the organization. Human Resources Division of UBL worked with the business as the core strategic partner through performing the job of recruitment, training, placement, and through origin of the performance management tools. UBL is an employer of equal opportunity irrespective of gender equality. The total manpower of the Bank as on 31 December, 2011 is 3,780 out of which 2,687 are officers and 1,093 are the supporting staffs. Efforts have been made to rationalize the use of manpower by improving their efficiency and productivity.The Banks own Training Institute is nicely decorated and equipped with the sophisticated instruments has been striving to bring about a qualitative change and improvement in human resources of the Bank by impart continuous different r aining throughout the whole year. Guest speakers specialized in Banking participate in each of the training program excluding highly better faculty members of the bank. Besides, a number of executives and officers were sent to various Training Institutions including BIBM and abroad for higher training.In 2011, the training institute of the bank arranged 17 different training courses and 13 workshops for the officers and members of the staff of the Bank in which as many as 628 and 845 officers and members of the staff of the bank participated respectively. At the same time, 92 officers and members of the staff of the bank attended training courses arranged by BIBM, 44 officers received training from Bangladesh Bank, 22 officers received others and 2 executive received training from abroad.

Corporate Philanthropy Essay

IntroductionIn an increasingly competitive global environment, businesses are challenged with demands for profitability and responsibility. To create value for all stakeholders, corporate leaders meet these demands with integrated strategic philanthropic programs. More and more companies encourage and embrace greater collaboration and cooperation between corporations and communities.I. The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropyIn this first part, we will demonstrate that usually businesses that fill to employ corporate freehanded pose benefit in galore(postnominal) different ways from their actions. * First, these businesses could increase their reputation amongst the general public, and also begin to attract new consumers to their business as well. * Secondly, businesses that choose to help out their communities could increase their employee retention rates signifi apprizetly as well. Happy employees will increase their productivity levels. * Thirdly, when companies op t to engage in this giving activity their stockholders begin to build a level of confidence in the business.TRANSITIONIn addition to customers behavior vis--vis different philanthropy programs or CSR in general, it was also been proved that philanthropy inside a company increases the employees motivation and thus their commitment and productivityA. Corporate philanthropy boosts employee moraleOne of the most important components of corporate philanthropy is to provide avenues/means for employees to be personally involved in a companys commitment to social responsibility. It is widely understood that supporting local causes is a good way for a business to develop a positive image and reinforce its relationships with customers. In the process, it can also boost morale among employees. * According to experts employees who have a favorable impression of their companys philanthropic program are four generation more likely to be truly loyal employees than those who do not, and are five quantifys more likely to remain with their employer. * They concluded that philanthropy is decidedly a factor in how employees evaluate their employers. In all, employees whose companies participate in good corporate social responsibility and philanthropy reported feelings of pride in their workplace, a sense of belonging as part of a family, and admiration for the good deeds their company accomplished.* Corporate philanthropy programs also present many opportunities for team building that would not normally occur during a typical day in the office. Employees are able to partner together and work in team environments outside of their direct work groups. People from different departments or offices, who typically wouldnt see each other during a workday, can table service a meal, volunteer in a classroom or help build a home, side-by-side. This labors a greater sense of camaraderie. Concretely, to encourage employees participation in corporate philanthropy, experts advices busines ses to implement some practices Involve employees in community outreach decisions many companies create committees to make decisions about contributions or company volunteer activities Start a matching gifts program this allows your company to add to employees donations designated for nonprofit organizations. It can encourage charitable giving while showing appreciation for employees. Encourage volunteerism. Many stack want to volunteer, but cant find time in their lives to do it. Participating in employer-sponsored programs allows employees the opportunity to volunteer.. Some businesses provide paid time off for employees to devote time to a nonprofit, while others structure an annual company-sponsored employee volunteer day or series of ongoing events.B. Corporate philanthropy builds shareholder valueAccording to the Harvard Business case on coporate philanthrophy, Professor Friedman said that business executives who speak of the social responsibilities of corporations are prea ching pure and unadulterated socialism. He claimed that corporate executives must have only one objective- to make money as much money as possible-and that spending corporate funds to promote social goals detracts from the bottom line. However, according to William C. Steere, Jr, Chairman of the Board Emeritus Pfizer Inc, corporate philanthropy also enhances shareholder value. Pfizer, Inc. is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in New York City. It is the worlds largest pharmaceutical company by revenues. Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines.

Planning to Meet the Needs of Learners in Education and Training Essay

Initial and diagnostic appreciatement involves the process used by flight simulators to get to know the prentices and making a healthy relationship with them. Gravells and Simpson (2010) provided that the initial assessment occurs when learners are introduced to new t to each oneing programs. It is a comprehensive approach whereby the flight simulator and the learner begin to gain a picture of their achievements, interests and skills. The learners also build up their learning experiences and needs correlated with their goals. The diagnostic assessment assists in identifying specific learning needs and strengths. It evaluates the learning targets of schoolchilds and competent teaching and learning strategies essential in achieving the caboodle goals (Gravells & Simpson 2010).As an educator, it is imperative to initially diagnose and assess the idiosyncratic learning goals of each and any learner in order to be able to map their future progression. It is essential to analyse t heir skills and achievements, and correlate them with their intended targets. Carrying out this analysis will enable the trainer to understand the task ahead and how to meet each learners requirement.Explain how your own externalisening meets the individual needs of learnersAs a trainer, relating to sure life circumstances and situations is one of the simplest means of making learning more accessible to both the learners and trainers. This context provides a more perceptive framework for learners skills and enhances extra learning (Petty 2009). Besides, allowing the learners to review the literature of the taught subjects enables them keep the information fresh in their minds. This promotes additional learning in the fact that the learners improve their ability to maintain currents skills and create new skills.Planning it provides an opportunity for the implementation of curricula reforms in light of the dynamics and the characteristics present within a group of students, finally resulting to an enhanced learning experience. Educators should plan various strategies depending on the learning environment and the nature of the study. Students adopting this approach not unaccompanied focus on the literal aspects of learning but also on the underlying concepts, and their main interest is the task at hand. They further seekintegration to widen their understanding of a subject across disciplines.Explain shipway in which teaching and learning plans can be adapted to meet the individual needs of learnersMost classrooms lie of different learners with a wide clutches of needs, which the trainers have to consider while planning, teaching and assessing their students. The most effective teaching and learning plans must have clearly stated objectives that the learners should learn. Gravells and Simpson (2010) explained that teaching and learning plans consist of an introduction to the lessons, the engagement of learners in learning activities that enable them underst and the content of the lesson, and the opportunities for learners to participate in providing the feedbacks on the lesson learned. Hence, it is paramount for a trainer to know the strengths of every learner, and how they can be assisted to develop their talents, skills and knowledge. While designing teaching and learning plans, it is also important for any trainer to consider the specific learning needs of all the learners (Petty 2009).Differentiated instruction is another way to be adapted to meet learners needs. Learners are different, and they do not learn in the equal ways. With trainers teaching and learning plans in mind, it is essential to know how the students learn and create a design instruction which accounts for the different types of learners (Gravells & Simpson 2010). The trainer has to assess the current knowledge of students on the outcomes, and he or she is likely to evaluate that learners have diverse skills on the planned learning outcomes. Petty (2009) stated th at the trainer should also present teaching in different instructional experiences. This can be achieved by making small group of learners and providing them with assignments and projects.Identify Opportunitites for Learners to Provide Feedback to assure Inclusive PracticeAllowing self assessment enables the learners to provide feedback on their learning and development. According to Petty (2009), self-assessment outlines major areas that need improvements and enhances knowledge and skills among the learners. Inclusive learning provides individual needs of the learners therefore allowing the trainer to develop lesson and activities associated with learners needs. Learners feedback is more constructive than trainers feedback because it only focuses on negative aspects of learning outcomes (Gravells & Simpson 2010). chum assessment also provides positive effects towards the development of learner cohorts and comprehensive learning practice. In relation to the proximal learning theo ry, learners gain knowledge for each other and this is one of the productive ways of learner feedback.Group discussions are very essential in a classroom setting because they not only improve student-student interaction, but also they assist the teacher in evaluation the level of knowledge acquire. This can be very useful in comprehensive practice feedback. The teacher is able to assess the students as they discuss. Also, use of feedback evaluation forms, question and answer discussions also provide ample opportunities for providing inclusive practice feedback.Analyse ways in which minimum core elements can be demonstrated in planning inclusive teaching and learningAs a tutor, every lesson plan distributed should incorporate all the necessary minimum core elements. In most cases, deployment of numeracy proves an intricate aspect while planning to flare-up the lesson plans. It is an intricate issue particularly when dealing with art subjects but it can fit when students are deployi ng the laser cutter, which demands exceptional measurements practice. When considering written assignments learners should be given rule book count papers. Thus, they comprise of both English and numeracy subjects. Well, it is quite imperative to constrict in minimum core as much as possible during lessons. Normally, plant learning and teaching coalesces the development of language, numeracy, and literacy with vocational skills (Keeley-Browne, 2014). The acquired skills provide students with necessary motivation and confidence sufficient to guarantee students excellent qualifications both in their career and in life.In lesson planning, a selection of the following ways of minimum core features predominantly. Literacy, which handouts use, written homework set, presentation, and self-participation through written board exercise, features most. The second example is numeracy where student use measurement and laser cutter for their exercises saved on the computer. Language is the othe r way of encouraging students to engage in-group work. Educators should normally sit with students on a personal level and deliver an interactive verbal lecture (Keeley-Browne, 2014). This mode of teaching ensures and encourages students open-up on their work experiences. Lastly, deploying ICT through computer use for various researches and set essays during the unit.ReferencesGravells, A & Simpson, S 2010, Planning and Enabling Learning in the Lifelong LearningSector, Exeter, Learning MattersKeeley-Browne, L. (2014). Achieving Your Award in Education and Training. MiltonKeynes Open University Press.Petty, G 2009, Teaching Today, 4th Edition, Cheltenham, Nelson ThornesSource document

Methods of Measuring Design Quality

There be several methods by which companies valuate the image pure tone of products, helps and processes. The companies select the methods in accordance to their goals. Accordingly the methods for standard see fibre may be generic wine like the reusability of see or specific like the size dimensions of achievement constitution. Whatever be the poetic rhythm apply, there is a trend towards using a combination of weights and pass judgment scales for objectively measuring design property.One approach to measuring design quality is examining the extent to which the opposite parts or the subsystems of the design depend on one another. From this stand point those designs that are inflexible, and have a high leg of interdependence cannot easily be changed. When a change is introduced it has a surging effect and it becomes impossible to guess the cost of such a change. These designs create a situation where the managers very rarely allow changes.Another way of assessing d esign quality is to test its reusability. If the deprivationed parts of the design are highly pendant on other details, design is highly interdependent. In such a situation is important to see if the design can be used in a different situation or a combination. For example, if there is an embossing unit designed as a part of a plastic stretching line. dirty dog the embossing unit be separated from the line and used in a different plastic stretching line? Continuing with the example, can the plastic extruder be separated from the line and used as a part of another plastic strapping line?Finally, is there a tendency of the system to neglect in several places when a one change is made to the system? If the design is brittle then there are problems in areas that have no direct connection with the changed area (Akao, Yoji 2004). In the plastic stretching line if the embossing unit is removed there is a problem in the cooling unit. such brittleness reduces the reliability of the desi gn and creates maintenance problems. The production personnel cannot rely on the production specifications.Another approach to measuring the quality of design is to dig into the specifications of the designs in terms of the realization of its objectives. The cost of implementing the design and the ease with which the device can be produced are evaluated. A strong correlation is usually relegate between the design and the specifications and the ratio can be used as a reliable measure of design quality (Park, Sung H1996).Another measure of design quality is to measure design performance(Belavendram, N 1995). In this case the design quality evaluates a number of factors like the craftsmanship, the cost of design, the cost of production, and thus far the return on investment of the design process. In case the design is made by an internal team there is even a proportion of the performance of the design with the expected performance from external designers.Measuring the design qualit y has assumed new importance with how designs are being managed to increase look upon of the organization to its customers. Instead of tangible end products, there are companies that evaluate the designs of business models and improve its designs to ensure that both interaction with a customer is untroubled and persuasive.Design quality is also measured from the point of view of the user. The design is expected to make the process clear to the user. Moreover, the design should make the behavior of the organization, system or the process dependable to the user, Further the design should be such that the process or the system should provide feedback. In case of interaction with the customer, the feedback should be both visual and audio. The message however, should be clear.The design of a process or a system should be such that the user should effectively be able to trace the path of action (Hoyle, David 2005). There should be a close correspondence between the specifications that have been given to the user and the manner in which the system works. Finally, the design should allow for measures of control.Measuring design quality is often a task of applying general principles of designing. The general principles of designing include questions like is the design trouble-free? An uncomplicated and simple design is preferred. Also is the design is long lasting? An adaptable design is desirable and so is a timeless design. The design should appeal to the future generation.A good design solves the moot problem (Hayes, Bob1998). A good design gives a few elements to the users that can be have by the users themselves. A lot of work goes into a high quality design and this is reflected in the design itself. One of the inflection widely used in measuring design quality is the use of symmetry. Further, the fine tuning that has been done to the design to improve its quality and performance. Quality design can be replicated and is different from the norm. Finally, good design is done in large pieces.From the perspective of production management it is important to remember that the design quality is important in apparent motion control system. In this context the quality of design embraces the selection of the motor drive electronics, positioning mechanism and motion controller.. Design quality emerges from the planning that goes into the cultivation of the system. Designing quality entails full description and understanding of the process. Meticulous details go into this designing stage like the precision of the motion, the travel length of every axis and the number of axis.A good quality design specifies if the positioning is rotary, linear or a combination of stages (Card, David N & Glass. R 1990). The quality of design is also evaluated by the manner in which it incorporates the stage as an integral part of the larger system. The ability of the stage to meet its specifications is also an important comity in measuring design quality. The des ign also encompasses the way in which the system is mounted on a flat surface to avoid distortions. The quality of design is also judged from the way in which the lifetime requirements of the system are incorporated into the stage specifications.If the requirements change then the system may have to be removed to a different position during its lifetime. Good quality design takes into consideration the size and the environmental consequences of the system. Both horizontal and vertical size constraints need to be considered. Factors like the choice of drive type, selection of motor and the mechanical and electrical aspects of the system motions are important factors in appraising the design quality.In the context of customer service, measuring design quality means evaluating parameters that go into a better provision of service to the customers. To deliver consistently superior service requires a high level of design quality. The design must include processes, people and the technolo gy. Only if the design is of high quality forget the company pretend increased sales from customers that have experienced superior service. The design often extends to aspects of information technology.The designing of products and service responses based on data often are critical in attracting and retaining customers. The quality of design reflects on the services provided like tracking the choices of individual customers, payment methods, patterns of buying, support websites and live chats with technical staff. To be prosperous the design must consider factors like support technology, culture of the organization, incentive system, training and recruitment of customer support staff.In most situations like a production setting or a customer service system, there are some metrics that are selected for measuring the design quality. Usually, these metrics are based on the objective of the organization and are discussed with the designer before the design commences (Wood, Jane & Sil ver, Denise 1989). For example, the company that wants to design a motion control system will discuss with its production engineers specifications that are required for the motion control system and agree on a few metrics that will be used to measure the design quality.For example it may be the positioning of the linear rotary, the adaptability of the system, the size of the system, the stopping ability of the drive and precision of the description of the system. Each of these metrics for measuring design quality should be given a weight so that the sum of the weighs adds up to 1. For example, the stopping ability of the drive may be given a weight of 0.3 and the precision of the description of the system may be given a weigh of 0.1 and so on. In practice these weights are decided jointly by the management and the designer.A document for measuring design quality typically has a rating scale of five given up to each metric. After the design is completed a rating is given to each met ric. The rating may range from 1 to 5, where 1 is the lowest rating and 5 is the highest rating. Each rating is figure with the respective rating. For example the stopping ability of the drive may get a rating of 3, this figure is multiplied by its weight of 0.3 and we get a score of 0.9. The scores for each metric is added and a coordination compound score is calculated. As the weights add up to 1, the composite score ranges from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest design quality and 5 the highest possible quality measure. The actual composite measure for design quality will range between 1 and 5.To sum, there is a wide range of metrics used for measuring design quality. Some are generic metrics like the flexibility of the design, the adaptability or its brittleness. Others are metrics related to specific situations like the metrics for measuring the design quality of a motion system. Design quality of customer support systems or HRM recruitments systems are also measured with respec t to the goals of the design. These metrics are then rated according a previously decided standard, weighted and a composite score is calculated to give a comprehensive measure of design quality.ReferencesAkao, Yoji (2004), Quality Function Deployment Integrating customer Requirements into Product Design, Productivity PressBelavendram, N (1995) Quality by Design, Prentice antechamberCard, David N & Glass. R (1990) Measuring Software Design Quality. Prentice HallHayes, Bob (1998) Measuring Customer Satisfaction Survey Design, Use, and Statistical compend Methods, ASQ Quality PressHoyle, David (2005) ISO 9000 Quality Systems Handbook, ElsevierPark, Sung H (1996) Robust Design and Analysis for Quality Engineering,SpringerWood, Jane & Silver, Denise (1989), Joint Application Design How to Design Quality Systems in 40% less Time, John Wiley & Sons Inc

A Study on Various Fruit Juice Companies of Bangladesh

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Origin of the report This report was conducted and submitted as a partial requirement for the syllabus Business Communication (BUS 231). The report was authorized by Eng. Mr. Kamrul Hassan, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, East West University. The report was prep ard jointly by our federation members. 1. 2 Background of the Study We were assigned as a throng to sacrifice a study on various ingathering succus companies of Bangladesh. We leave conducted a study on their organization and also find out the consumer perception or so the product.We find out the consumer perception about various crop succus. 1. 3 Objective of the study The main purpose of the project is to show the customer pickence to select fruit succus by doing a questionnaire base survey. We were instructed from our line date communication course lecturer Eng. Mr. Kamrul Hassan to submit a business communication report on a four generetic products . We choose four fruit succus companies that ar available in Bangladesh, such as Pran, height, Frutika and Shezan mango succus. This project also discusses the frequency table and show graph of divers(prenominal) questions about fruit juice.It also helps to know the customer satisfaction level and customer give away loyalty of different daubs of fruit juice. We had some objectives behind making the report. These are To know about consumer perception for fruit Juice. To gather practical knowledge on analyzing companies financi all in ally. To be experienced on gathering survey. We believe that we were triumphful to go done or so of our objectives. Thanks Allah to bless on us. 1. 4 Scope The main focus of this report is to discuss the customer favorence about the fruit juice and the factors which are the reasons to select their product.It also gives a little description about the history, mission, vision, goal and strategy about the manufacture. The report discusses the prod ucts and service they are giving. It also discusses, the pose customer and grocery store they are focusing to do business. 1. 5 Methodology 1. 5. 1 Sources of information We collect this information from our friends and our relatives. A small proportion of citizenry uniform 20 from university and 10 from our local friends and uncles was selected, as the population of the study. 1. 5. 1. 1 Primary sourcesDirectly from filling the researchnaire. 1. 5. 1. 2 Secondary sources Taken info from various magazines, Newspaper and other prominent source of information collected from different websites and search engines. 1. 5. 2 Data Collection techniques We carry collected our entropy by questionnaire. 1. 5. 3 Data Analysis techniques The report was primarily done on the various grow of heap. These pot communicated with us via questionnaires. 1. 5. 3. 1 Statistical tools apply We arouse used frequency tables and pie chart as our statistical tools. 1. 6 Definitions and AcronymsThe human- relations dimension of communication makes it an activity that involves ethics. But business communication in particular brings ethical considerations into play. The fundamental purpose of a business is to stay in business and, some would say, to maintain or increase stakeholder wealth. When a business is in trouble or the owners are greedy, it can be tempting to try to serve this purpose by using communication in unethical ways. 1. 7 Limitation The major limitations encountered are Lack of enough meter The term paper was prepared within a very short time considering the topics related to it.Thats why it was not possible to demonstrate all aspects of the report. Insufficient data The data required for sufficient analysis for preparing the report could not be collected due to the insufficiency of data. Inconsistent data Data from different sources were quite inconsistent which created some problems in making the report & compelled us to verify the data diligently. Some information was withheld to preserve privacy of the companies. So, we cant give the exact information ever. 1. 8 Report Preview The premier chapter we have talked about the origin & the background of the report.We also have discussed the objectives, scopes, methodologies, definitions & acronyms and lowestly limitations to wrap up the chapter. Then in second chapter of the term paper we have included the introduction and some brief information on fruit juice companies. It also includes the organ gram of the companies, its missions & visions, its services etc. Then in the third chapter we have analyzed perception of consumers and make a table and graph by using statistical techniques for the fruit juice companies In the final segment, we have drawn our own conclusion regarding the ratio analysis. We also have some recommendations stated at the end.CHAPTER 2 ORGANIZATION 2. 1 explanation of the organization(PRAN) PRAN nub P- Program for R- Rural A-Advancement N- Nationality PRAN is currently the most well known household name among the millions of people in Bangladesh and abroad also. Since its inception in 1980, PRAN throng has grown up in stature and became the largest fruit and vegetable processor in Bangladesh. It also has the distinction of achieving prestigious certificate standardised ISO 90012000, and being the largest exporter of bear upon agro products with compliance of HALAL & HACCP to more than 70 countries from Bangladesh.PRAN is the pioneer in Bangladesh to be involved in contract farming and procures raw material directly from the farmers and processes through state of the art machinery at our several factories into hygienically packed food and drinks products. The brand PRAN has established itself in every category of food and crapulence industry and can boost a product range from Juices, Carbonated Drinks, Confectionery, Snacks, and Spices to even Dairy products.Today, our consumers not only value PRAN for its authentic refreshing juic e drinks products, entirely also for its mouth watering choice confectionery products with high visual appeal and exciting texture. We intend to expand our presence to every corner of the gentlemans gentleman and strive to make PRAN a truly international brand to be recognized planetaryly. 2. 2 Mission 1. Being respectful towards everyone. 2. Being trustworthy by action. Being passionate and creative in all we do. 3. Keeping things simple in the way we do things. 4. Being ethical and transparent. 5. Demonstrating individual and collective ownership. . Practicing an frank culture in communication and interaction. As a uniquely Asian caller, our goal is to catalyze progress in Asia by piecing together technology, connectivity and talent this brand is symbolic of our commitment to the industry, to the region Vision PRAN is the largest grower and processor of fruits and vegetables in the country. Their contract growers cultivate the choicest fruits and vegetables which are proces sed in our modern and hygienic factories to highest tint standards. They think the comparative advant succession of their country as an economy lies in agriculture.They believe the way to economic prosperity is through agri and agro-business. PRAN is in testimony to their convictions. dodge December 2009 Present (9 months) To prepare annual, semi-annual and quarterly plan to achieve key commercial targets for the the company. To identify, analyze and develop the competitors expense positioning and set points relevant to tariff plans in the industry which meets customers needs. To identify and get well acquainted with pricing model by revising/ machineing bracingborn price plan. To identify threat or potential by tracking entire commercial divisions key performance. To identify and develop product costing and implement quarterly Commercial activities calendar. To analyze & develop and recommend co-ordination meeting with all stakeholders of pricing & product team to revie w the activities/stages and going forward. To identify, prepare pricing conception and develop the commercially feasible report and roll out through approved process. To achieve targeted KPI of each stages by utilizing pricing tools to meet the Pricing model. To buckle under concept and get it approved from management in pursuit of companys business targets. To follow the systems and policy in place to for smooth operation of sales function. 2. 3 Organizational Structure & Size Pran Company is one of the largest Food & Beverage Company of Bangladesh. They have their network tower all over Bangladesh. They also have much browse within Bangladesh. The basic departments of this organization are- Finance, Marketing, Accounting, HR, Corporate Strategy, Internal Audit, Technology, and Corporate Affairs. There are one head for each of these departments. CEO CSO CHRO chief financial officer CTO CMOAnd other department head officers are also important but lesser than these head officer s. 2. 4 products, services, customers, marketplaces Company Policy To market products of consistent tone of voice at home and abroad as per world standards produced hygienically in accordance with good manufacturing practices in state of the art sets & process, packed in beguile packaging and remain committed to these objectives at all the times. Corporate Head Office Property Heights, 12 R K Mission Road, Dhaka 1203. localization OF PRODUCTION Location of Production Ghorashal, Palash, Narshingdi. PRODUCT CATAGORIES Product Categories Juice, Drinks, Beverage, Culinary, Snacks, Confectionary, Dairy. Major exporting Products Fruit Juices, Fruit Drinks Instant Powdered Drinks, Pickles , Canned Fruits & Vegetables, Extruded & Fried Snacks, Tea, Aromatic Rice, puff Rice, Flattened Rice, Jam & Jelly, Plain Spices, Blended Spices, Mustard Oil, Mineral Water, Dehydrated fruits, Tomato Ketchup / Sauce, Toffees, Candies, Bubble Gum, Biscuits & other confectionery etc. Major Exporting Countries India, KSA, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Djibouti ,Angola, Australia, Austria,, Belgium, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Bhutan, Cameroon, Canada, Capo Verde Islands, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Myanmar, Mayo tee, Nederland Antilles, Nepal, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, RCA, Reunion Islands, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Srilanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, UK, USA & Yemen. 2. 5 Future Plan of the Organization Like every food & beverage company AMCL Pran Company also has a future plan. According to their plan, this company gives strong effort for performing well.This company is performing very competently. They are always tries to ahead of their competitors. This activity indicates that they want to grab more market share day by day. So the future plan of AMCL Pran Co mpany is to grab the highest market share within couple of years. 2. 6 History of the organization (FRUTIKA) Akij Group is one of the fastest business conglomerates in Bangladesh. Founded by Late Sheikh Akij uddin, the group started in humble way through trading business in 1940. Under his dynamic and charismatic leadership, the Group rapidly rose to the peak of success and has today 25 large Industrial and Commercial Units. Akij Food and Beverage Ltd is one of them.Akij Group riged in the local market three varieties of fruit juice under the brand name, FRUTIKA. 2. 7 Mission, Vision, Goal Strategy mission As a concern sister of Akij Group, the mission of AFBL is to surf the people outperform quality, affectionate well fare etc. The mission of Akij group is narrow Vision profit increase, market share and want to be market leader. They also have a vision to create new job opportunities in the market. Goal Akij group has an objective to full fill their mission and also increase th e company growth with adequate profit margin and more over want to satisfy their customers. 2. 8 Service, customer, Target Audience and MarketAkij Food and BeverageLimited wants to satisfy their all the customers. But it is very difficult to satisfy the all. . So in order to make sure the customers choice they has different flavors of juice named Frutika like mango, Orange and grape. Future Plan Frutika is now a well known brand. So AFBL has a plan for increase its profitability. They are looking for new plant of new flavor. They are thinking for come in market with 2 liter juice store. 2. 9 Future Plan of the Organization Like every food & beverage company Akij Food and beverage limited also has a future plan. According to their plan, this company gives strong effort for performing well. This company is performing very competently.They are always tries to ahead of their competitors. This activity indicates that they want to grab more market share day by day. 2. 10 History of the o rganization ( prime) ACME Group is one of the leading and diversified global conglomerates in Bangladesh, with offices in all major cities, employing over 3000+ employees and dedicated tobringing the highest quality products and services to our customers. The ACME Agrovet & Beverage Ltd. is a FMCG business venture to manufacture fruit juice, mineral water and many more. These are manufactured and bottled in a state-of-the art processing factory using latest machines and Tetra-Pak facility. 2. 11 Mission, Vision, Goal, Strategy MissionThe mission of ACME group is perpetual quest for excellence. Vision ACMEs holistic approach is to ensure Health, Vigor and Happiness for all by manufacturing quality products of the highest quality at affordable prices and expanding in the local and global market. 2. 12 Service, customer, Target Audience and Market ACME, though a pharmaceuticals company, produce juice as a food product. The marketing process of ACME juice is different than the other pro ducts that ACME produces. These diversities are found in distribution line, target, promotion strategy, pricing strategy, consumer relation and so on. To identify the potential target market ACME runs survey.For ACME juice the target market is the upper class and middle class people. It includes the people who are health conscious and favour juice to satisfy thirst rather than cold drinks. 2. 13 Future Plan ACMEs concern is is that the happy health of consumers. They are buying new plants for innovative-safety pack for their juices. Shezan Shezan is not our locally made juice. It is imported from Pakistan. In our local market, we get only mango flavor of Shezan. The importer of the Shezan juice in our country is temper Care. CHAPTER 3 Findings and Analysis Research Approach The respondents for this study are consumers who are using toilet soap at home, lived in Bangladesh.Research is focused mainly on younger consumers. Small amount of elder consumer also present in this survey. A pilot survey was carried out first and then questionnaires were used as a tool to collect required data. Sampling Method There are 10 questions about fruit juice and all brands were very familiar in Bangladesh. The questionnaires were distributed among the male and female consumers who live in Dhaka. Sample size was 30 and which covers all the brands used by different respondents. Data Analysis The statistical data analysis was done mainly thorough descriptive statistics, using Chi-Square method. The SPSS software was used to execute the analysis process.Methods such as pie charts were used to follow and summarize the data. The MS Excel was also used in data summarization process. Questions used in Questionnaires The survey questions are shown below 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? i)Pran ii) Frutika leash) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others 2. Which juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others 3. How often do you buy juice? i) terrene ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon v) Others 5. From where you corrupt the juice frequently? ) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery v) Others 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 v) Others 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV adv ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper v) Others 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL v) Others 9. What do you prefer bottle or mail boat juice? i)bottle ii)packet 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much advance ii) Some what let out iii) About the same iv) somewhere worse v)much worse SURVEY ANALYSIS Quantity of QuestionnairesThe summary of questionnaires collected is shown below. Question 1 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice ? i)Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION tabularise 1 Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? Frequency share valid Percent Cumulative Percent i Pran 10 33. 33 33. 33 33. 33 ii Frutika 7 23. 33 23. 3 56. 67 iii Acme 3 10 10 66. 67 Iv Shezan 4 13. 33 13. 33 80. 0 v Others 6 20 20 100. 0 make sense 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (Pie chart) pic InterpretationThe table is showing that Pran is the best fruit juice on the basis of our survey. Out of 30 respondents 10 respondents go favor of Pran which results for 33. 33% of centre and respondents 7 prefers Frutika which result for 23. 33%,Acme 10%,Shezan 13. 33% and Others 20% of come respondents. Question 2 2. Which juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 2 Which juice you usually take? Frequency Percent sound Percent Cumulative Percent i Pran 8 26. 67 26. 67 26. 7 ii Frutika 6 20 20 46. 67 iii Acme 2 6. 67 6. 67 53. 34 Iv Shezan 6 20 20 73. 34 v Others 8 26. 67 26. 67 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the table, we are assembleing the juice which usually drink by the respondents. Out of 30 respondents 8 respondents drinks Pran which result for 26. 67% of total and 6 respondents drinks frutika which result for 20%, acme 6. 67%, shezan 20% and Others result for 26. 67% of total respondents. Question 3 3. How often do you buy juice? i) cursory ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month v) others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 3 How often do you buy juice? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i Everyday 7 33. 33 33. 33 33. 33 ii Once in a week 9 23. 33 23. 33 53. 33 iii After 15 days 4 13. 33 13. 33 66. 67 Iv Once in a month 4 13. 3 13. 33 80. 0 v Others 6 20 20 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the above data it can be concluded without doubt that mo st people buy fruit juice once in a week. Second highest number of people buys juice every day which results of 33. 33%. Other people buy juice after 15 days and once in a month which results is 13. 33%. Question 4 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 4 What flavor do you like most? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i Mango 12 40 40 40 ii Grape 4 13. 33 13. 3 53. 33 iii Orange 5 16. 67 16. 67 70 Iv Lemon 5 16. 67 16. 67 86. 67 v Others 4 13. 33 13. 33 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) picInterpretation From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, 40% people like mango flever, 13. 33% people like grape and others and 16. 67% people like orange and lemon. 5. From where you purchase the juice frequently? i) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 5 From where you purchase the ju ice frequently? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i Super market 10 33. 33 33. 33 33. 3 ii Grocery shop 2 6. 67 6. 67 40 iii Fancy shops 4 13. 33 13. 33 53. 33 Iv Premium grocery 6 20 20 73. 33 v Others 8 26. 67 26. 67 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, 33. 33% people purchase juice from super market, 6. 67% people purchase from grocery shop, 13. 33% people purchase from fancy shop,20% people purchase from premium shop and 26. 67% people purchase from other market. Question 6 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 6 The age group who are responding this survey? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i 0-14 9 30 30 30 ii 15-20 10 33. 33 33. 33 63. 33 iii 21-26 3 10 10 73. 33 Iv 27-35 6 20 20 93. 33 v Others 2 6. 67 6. 67 100. 0 Total 30 100. 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, age between 0-14 of customer responds 30%, age between 15-20 of customer responds 33. 33%, age between 21-26 of customer responds 20%, age between 21-26 of customer responds 10%, age between 27-35 responds 20% and above that responds only 6. 67%. Question 7 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV ad ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 7 From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i TV ad 5 16. 67 16. 67 16. 67 ii Radio 6 20 20 36. 67 iii Bill-board 3 10 10 46. 67 Iv Newspaper 8 26. 67 26. 67 72. 7 v Others 8 26. 67 26. 67 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation from the table we came to know that, 16. 67% came to know about the juice from TV ad, 20% from radio, 10% bill board, 26. 67% from newspap ers and others. Question 8 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL v) Others ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 8 Which size do you prefer most? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i 250 mL 16 53. 33 53. 33 53. 33 ii 500mL 4 13. 33 13. 33 66. 67 iii 1000 mL 2 6. 67 6. 67 73. 33 Iv 1250 mL 3 16. 67 16. 67 83. 3 v Others 5 10 10 100. 0 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the above table we can see that from the sample of 30, 53. 33% people prefers 250 ml bottle of juice, 13. 33% prefers 500 ml,6. 67% 1000ml,16. 67% people prefers 1250 ml and 10% people prefers others size bottle of juice. Question 9 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? i)bottle ii)packet ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 9. What do you prefer bottle or packet juice? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Bottle 16 53. 33 53. 33 53. 33 Packet 14 46. 67 46. 67 100. 0 Total 30 100 100 Histogram (pie char t) pic Interpretation From the table we can see that 53. 33% people prefers bottle juice and 46. 67% people prefers packet juice. Question 10 10.Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much give ii) Some what better iii) About the same iv) Somewhere worse v)much worse ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION Table 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent i)Much better 11 36. 67 36. 67 36. 67 ii)Somewhat better 6 20 20 56. 7 iii)About the same 3 10 10 66. 67 iv) Somewhere worse 5 16. 67 16. 67 83. 39 v)much worse 5 16. 67 16. 67 100. 01 Total 30 100. 0 100. 0 Histogram (pie chart) pic Interpretation From the data above we can interpret, that most of the customer are brand loyal and they compare product much better. 16. 7%of the sample says that their product is somewhere worse or much worse and 10% customer says that their product is about the same. CHAPTER 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 4. 1 CONCLUSION The fruit juice companies in Bangladesh is consists of a a few(prenominal) producers. The demand for this product is very much vulnerable in terms of pricing. All companies are trying to give their product at a price which is affordable to most of the people in the country. Fruit juice is an uprising product in Bangladesh as a greater portion of the population, in spend the frui juice demand increases. There are many fruit juice companies (pran,acme,shejan,frutika etc. has been able to penetrate the market with heavy promotional activities. With different flavor, different bottle and packet sizes, different brand, different price, different quality, have been highly successful in their fields. Its distribution process is highly efficient. It has a huge accessibility around the country. We have found that usually the children love to take it. We found out that mango is a very popular flavor. Though the chil dren love this, the age old people also have interest in it. People find it as a popular medium of drink. As ours is a mainly summer based country, so we see its demand on scotching heat. 4. 2 Recommendation for fruit Juice fruit Juice should emphasize on try out because most of the buyers prefer the juice which tastes better. ? fruit Juice can have a wide range of flavors as consumer taste varies. ? fruit Juice should launch more attractive advertisements to attract consumers. ? fruit Juice can sponsor various programs to be promoted. ? Rebate or other types of cash offs can be offered to increase sale. ? There should be separate segmentation and targeting for kids as kids motivate their parents to buy fruit Juice ? Explanations of experts can illustrate the purity of fruit Juice which will clear consumer doubts. ? More nutritious factors can be added to fruit Juice to ensure consumer health. Appended Parts References 1. www. wikiepidia. org/en 2. ttp//www. AMCL Pran. com 3. Cons umer Survey 4. http//www. google. com Blank format of questionnaires This questionnaire is designed to determine the factors that are most important to you as a customer of juice. Your kind and patient response would enable us to complete the survey. 1. Which brand you prefer most as the best fruit juice? i)Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan 2. Which juice you usually take? i) Pran ii) Frutika iii) Acme iv) Shezan 3. How often do you buy juice? i) Everyday ii) Once in a week iii) After 15 days iv) Once in a month 4. What flavor do you like most? i) Mango ii) Grape iii) Orange iv) Lemon 5.From where you purchase the juice frequently? i) Super market ii) Grocery shop iii) Fancy shops iv) Premium grocery 6. The age group who are responding this survey? i) 9-14 ii) 15-20 iii) 21-26 iv) 27-35 7. From where do you come to know about this juice you are taking? i)TV adv ii)Radio iii)Bill-board iv)Newspaper 8. Which size do you prefer most? i)250 mL ii) 500mL iii) 1000 mL iv) 1250 mL 9. W hat do you prefer bottle or packet juice? i)bottle ii)packet 10. Thinking of similar products offered by companies, how would you compare your product? i)Much better ii) Some what better iii) About the same iv) Somewhere worse v)much worse